D. Allan Butterfield

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Education: 
Ph.D. Duke University, 1974
Graduate Training: 
Biophysical Chemistry and Neurochemistry
Research: 

The Butterfield laboratory studies free radical oxidative stress in aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). We discovered in AD brain that such oxidative stress is manifested  by protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial dysfunction, and functional impairment of key transmembrane transport proteins, among many others. Our laboratory studies these and other aspects of oxidative stress in brain membranes using a variety of techniques, including immunochemical, metabolomic, and proteomics methods. Our group first described how oxidative stress associated with amyloid  β-peptide, a 42-amino acid peptide deposited in AD brains, leads to neurotoxicity and how various antioxidants can modulate or prevent this oxidative stress and neuronal death. Insight into the molecular basis for and potential therapeutic interventions in aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders is envisaged from our research.

Our laboratory pioneered the techniques of redox proteomics (see figure below) to identify oxidatively modified brain proteins in subjects with AD and, arguably, its earliest form, mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Proteins identified have provided new insights into molecular processes involved in mechanisms of neuronal death in and progression of AD. 

Processes involved in redox proteomics, which is used to identify oxidatively modified brain proteins in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.

 

In a second area of research, the Butterfield laboratory discovered a mechanism for chemotherapy induced cognitive impairment (CICI), which lowers the quality of life for up to 70 percent of the currently 14 million cancer survivors in the USA.  Diminished executive functioning, inability to multitask, and slowness in mental processing, called “chemobrain” by patients, often are complaints described by persons with CICI.  Metabolic analyses using Seahorse technology and MS-based methods suggest mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in brain following chemotherapy involving ROS associated chemotherapeutic agents, even though these agents do not cross the blood-brain barrier. We found an important inflammatory cytokine is elevated in plasma, and this harmful molecule does cross the BBB to initiate a series of harmful biochemical processes in brain.  Highly innovative studies using a variety of biochemical and chemical techniques are shedding light on how to prevent CICI, with the strong possibility that the quality of life of cancer survivors will be enhanced.

Honors & Awards

HONORS AND AWARDS

  • Phi Beta Kappa Honorary Society, 1968
  • Phi Kappa Phi Honorary Society, 1967
  • NIH Biomedical Science Research Award, 1972
  • Graduate School Research Award (Duke University), 1972
  • NIH Postdoctoral Fellowship, 1974
  • University of Kentucky Research Foundation Faculty Research Award, 1979
  • Awarded University of Kentucky Research Professorship, 1980 81
  • Appointed to Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry Study Section A of the National Institutes of Health (NIGMS), Spring 1980 Meeting
  • Appointed to National Institute of Health Site Visit Study Section, Summer 1980
  • Invited Speaker, Gordon Research Conference on Magnetic Resonance in Biology and Medicine, 1980
  • Consultant, National Institute on Aging, NIH Site Visit, "Alzheimer's Disease Center," May, 1987
  • Consultant, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH Site Visit, "Comprehensive Sickle Cell Disease Center," May, 1987
  • Special Faculty Grant, 1988 1990
  • Editorial Board Member, Journal of Membrane Science, 1989 present
  • Finalist, College of Arts and Sciences Distinguished Professorship, 1990, 1991
  • Dow Chemical Distinguished Lectureship, University of D etroit, 1995
  • The Honorable Order of Kentucky Colonels, 1995
  • Consultant, National Institute on Aging, NIH Reverse Site Visit on "β-Amyloid Program Project," 1996
  • Recipient, Distinguished University Scientist Award from the Kentucky Academy of Science, 1996
  • Consultant, National Science Foundation, Small Business Investigative Research Panel, 1996
  • Consultant, national Aeronautics and Space Administration, Shuttle Experiment Panel, 1997
  • Recipient, William B. Sturgill Award for Graduate Education, 1997
  • Recipient, Southern Chemist Award from the American Chemical Society, Memphis Section, 1997
  • Recipient, Presidential Award for Excellence in Science, Mathematics and Engineering Mentoring, Presented by President Clinton in the White House , 1998.
  • Appointed as Senior Associate Editor, Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
  • Consultant, National Institute on Aging, NIH Site Visit on "Alzheimer's Disease PPG," 1998
  • Consultant, National Institute on Aging, NIH Site Visit on "Alzheimer's Disease PPG," 1999
  • Consultant, National Institute on Aging, NIH Site Visit on "Alzheimer's Disease PPG," 2000
  • Consultant, National Institute on Aging, NIH Site Visit on "Prion Disorders," 2002
  • Consultant, National Institute on Aging, NIH Site Visit on "Alzheimer's Disease," 2002
  • Consultant, National Institute on Aging, NIH Site Visit on "Alzheimer's Disease," 2003
  • Consultant, National Institute on Aging, NIH Site Visit on "Alzheimer's Disease," 2004
  • Consultant, National Institute on Aging, NIH Site Visit on "Alzheimer's Disease," 2005
  • Consultant, National Institute on Aging, NIH Site Visit on "Alzheimer's Disease," 2007
  • Recipient, Honorary Doctor of Science Degree, University of Maine, Commencement, 2002
  • Alumni Association Endowed Professor of Biological Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 2002-present
  • Member, Scientific Advisory Board for Neurobiology, National University of Singapore (One of only 4 international members)
  • Ad-hoc Member, Study Section on Conflict of Interest, NIGMS, NIH
  • Ad-hoc Member, Study Section on Synapses, NINDS, NIH
  • Recipient, Award for Most Outstanding PhD Committee Member for Prince of Songkla University, Thailand, 2007
  • International Member, Scientific Review Panel, Ministry of Education, for the Government of Singapore, 2006-present
  • Permanent Member, NIH Study Section on Neural Oxidative and Metabolic Death, 2008-2012
  • Invited Speaker, Gordon Research Conference on Oxygen Radicals, 2010
  • Recipient, Albert D. and Elizabeth H. Kirwan Memorial Prize for Excellence in Research, 2010
  • Member, Editorial Board, Neuroproteomics
  • Selected as a Fellow of the Society for Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2012 (one of only 28 Fellows in the world).
  • Recipient, 2013 Discovery Award from the Society for Free Radical Biology and Medicine
  • 2014: Editorial Board Member, Pharmacological Research
  • 2014: Recipient, Alkmeon International Prize for Progress in Science, presented at the University of Rome, Tor Vergata in Rome, Italy
  • Member, Editorial Board, Frontiers in Pharmacology
  •  2014: Recipient, Society for Free Radical Biology and Medicine Mentoring Excellence Award
  •  2014: Elected Editorial Board Member, Free Radical Biology and Medicine

 

Publications

595. W.O. Opii, E. Head, D.M. Turner, W.M. Pierce, and D.A. Butterfield, "Proteomic Expression Analysis of Brain Proteins Form Dementia Free Nonagenarians: Relevance to Successful Aging and Alzheimer's Disease," manuscript in preparation (2015).

594. V. Vilchez, A.L. Castellanos, D.A.Butterfield, M. Mitov, L.I. Boral, C. Hoopes, R. Gedaly, and F. Marti, “Effects of Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitors in Differentiation and Expansion of Human Regulatory T Cells,” submitted (2015).

593. C.–H. Chen, W. Li, R. Sultana, M.-H. You, A. Kondo, K. Shahpasand, B.M. Kim, M. Luo, M. Nechama, Y.-M. Lin, Y. Yao, T.H. Lee, X.Z. Zhou, A.M. Swomley, D.A. Butterfield, Y. Zhang, and K.P. Lu, “ Pin 1 Cysteine-113 Oxidative Inhibits Its Catalytic Activity and Cellular Function in Alzheimer’s Dosease,” submitted (2015).

592. E. Barone, G. Cenini, F. Di Domenico, T. Noel, C. Wang, M. Perluigi , D.K. St. Clair, and D.A. Butterfield, “Basal Brain Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress Levels Are Finely Regulated by the Interplay between MnSOD and p53: Evidence from New Double-transgenic Mice,” submitted (2015).

591. J. Triplett, Z. Zhang, R. Sultana, J. Cai, J. Klein, H. Büeler, and D.A. Butterfield, "Quantitative Expression Proteomics and Phosphoproteomics Profiles of Brain from PINK1 Knockout Mice: Insights into Mechanisms of Familial Parkinson Disease," Journal of Neurochemistry, in press (2015).

590. A. Tramutola, J. Triplett, F. Di Domenico, D.M. Niedowicz, M.P. Murphy, R. Coccia, M. Perluigi, and D.A. Butterfield, “Alteration of mTOR Signaling During the Progression of Alzheimer Disease: Analysis of Human Brain from Three Different Clinical Stages,” Journal of Neurochemistry, in press (2015).

589. F. Di Domenico, G. Pupo, C. Mancuso, E. Barone, F. Paolini, A. Arena, C. Blarzino, F.A. Schmitt, E. Head, D.A. Butterfield, and M. Perluigi, “Bach1 Overexpression in Down Syndrome Correlates with the Alteration of the HO-1/BVR-A System: Insights for Transition to Alzheimer Disease,” Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, in press (2015).

588. F. Di Domenico, M. Perluigi, and D.A. Butterfield, "Redox Proteomics in Human Biofluids: Sample Preparation, Separation, and Immunochemical Tagging for Analysis of Protein Oxidation” in Methods in Molecular Biology: Systems Biology of Alzheimer's Disease: Methods and Protocols, in press (2015).

587. T.T. Reed, Z.P. Sellers, and D.A. Butterfield, "Lipid Peroxidation in Age-related Neurodegenerative Disorders," in Lipid Oxidation in Health and Disease," C.M. Spickett and H.J. Forman, Eds., Taylor and Francis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL., in press (2015).

586. C. Mancuso, E. Head, E. Barone, M. Perluigi, P. Preziosi, and D.A. Butterfield, "The Potential Therapeutic Effects of Statins in Alzheimer's Disease," in Handbook of Neurotoxicity, R.M. Kostrzewa, Ed., Springer, New York, in press (2015).

585. F. Di Domenico, E. Barone, M. Perluigi, and D.A. Butterfield, “Strategy to Reduce Free Radical Species in Alzheimer’s Disease: An Update of Selected Antioxidants,” Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 22, 1-22 (2014).

584. G. Cenini, A. Fiorini, R. Sultana, M. Perluigi, J. Cai, J.B. Klein, E. Head, and D.A. Butterfield, “An Investigation of the Molecular Mechanisms Engaged Before and After the Development of Alzheimer Disease Neuropathology in Down Syndrome:  A Proteomics Approach,” Free Radical Biology & Medicine 76, 89-95 (2014).

583. D.A. Butterfield, F. Di Domenico, A.M. Swomley, E. Head, and M. Perluigi, “Redox Proteomics Analysis to Decipher the Neurobiology of Alzheimer-like Neurodegeneration: Overlaps in Down Syndrome and Alzheimer Disease Brain,” Biochemical Journal 463, 177-189 (2014).

582. S.S. Hardas, R. Sultana, W. Govind, M. Dan, P. Wu, E. Grulke, M. Tseng, J. Unrine, U. Graham, R. Yokel, and D.A. Butterfield, “Rat Hippocampal Responses Up to 90 Days after a Single Nanoceria Dose Extends a Hierarchical Oxidative Stress Model for Nanoparticle Toxicity,” Nanotoxicology 81, 155-166 (2014).

581. M.T. Tseng, Q. Fu, K. Lor, R. Fernandez-Botron, Z.B. Deng, U.M. Graham, D.A. Butterfield, E. Grulke, and R.A. Yokel, "Persistent Hepatic Structural Alterations Following Nanoceria Vascular Infusion in the Rat," Toxicologic Pathology 42, 984-996 (2014).

580. U.M. Graham, M.T. Tseng, J.B. Jasinski, R.A. Yokel, J.M. Unrine, B.H. Davis, A.K. Dozier, S.S. Hardas, R. Sultana, E.A. Grulke, and D.A. Butterfield, “In Vivo Processing of Ceria Nanoparticles Inside Liver: Impact on Free Radical Scavenging Activity and Oxidative Stress,” ChemPlusChem 79, 1083-1089 (2014).

579. D.A. Butterfield, “THE 2013 SFRBM DISCOVERY AWARD: Selected Discoveries from the Butterfield Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Its Sequela in Brain in Cognitive Disorders Exemplified by Alzheimer Disease and Chemotherapy Induced Cognitive Impairment,” Free Radical Biology & Medicine 74, 157-174 (2014).

578. D. A. Butterfield, Fabio Di Domenico, and Eugenio Barone, "Elevated Risk of Type 2 Diabetes for Development of Alzheimer Disease: a Key Role for Oxidative Stress in Brain," Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Basis of Disease 1842, 1693-1706 (2014).

577. F. Di Domenico, E. Head, D.A. Butterfield, and M. Perluigi, "Oxidative Stress and Proteostasis Network: Culprit and Casualty of Alzheimer’s-Like Neurodegeneration," Advances in Geriatrics 2014, 1-14 (2014).

576. S. Förster, A.S. Welleford, J.C. Triplett, R. Sultana, B. Schmitz, and  D.A. Butterfield, “Increased O-GlcNAc Levels Correlate with Decreased O-GlcNAcase Levels in Alzheimer Disease Brain,”  Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Basis of Disease 1842, 1333-1339 (2014).

575. A.M. Swomley, S. Forster, J. Keeney, J. Triplett, Z. Zhang, R. Sultana, and D.A. Butterfield, “Abeta, Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer Disease: Evidence Based on Proteomics Studies,” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1842, 1248-1257 (2014).

574. D.A. Butterfield, F. Di Domenico, and R.A.S. Robinson, “Mass Spectrometry and Redox Proteomics: Applications in Disease,” Mass Spectrometry Reviews 33, 277-301 (2014).

573. M. Perluigi, G. Pupo, A. Tramutola, C. Cini, R. Coccia, E. Barone, E. Head, D.A. Butterfield, and F. Di Domenico, “Neuropathological Role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Axis in Down Syndrome Brain,” Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Molec. Basis Dis. 1842, 1144-1153  (2014).

572. F. Di Domenico, G.  Pupo, A. Tramutola, A. Giorgi, M. Eugenia Schininà, R. Coccia, E. Head, D.A. Butterfield, and M. Perluigi, “Redox Proteomics Analysis of HNE-Modified Proteins in DS Brain: Clues for Understanding Development of Alzheimer Disease,”  Free Radical Biology & Medicine 71, 270-280 (2014).

571. Y. Zhao, S. Miriyala, L. Miao, M. Mitov, D. Schnell, S. Dhar, J. Cai, J.B. Klein, R. Sultana, D.A. Butterfield, M. Vore, S. Bondada, and D.K. St. Clair, ”Redox Proteomic Identification of HNE-bound Mitochondrial Proteins in Cardiac Tissues Reveals a Systemic Effect on Energy Metabolism after Doxorubicin Treatment,” Free Radical Biology & Medicine 72, 55-65 (2014).

570. E. Barone, F. Di Domenico, and D.A. Butterfield, “Statins More Than Cholesterol Lowering Agents in Alzheimer Disease: Their Pleiotropic Functions as Potential Therapeutic Targets” Biochemical Pharmacology 88, 605-616 (2014).

569. M. Perluigi, F. Di Domenico, and D.A. Butterfield “Unraveling the Complexity of Neurodegeneration in Brains of Subjects with Down Syndrome: Insights from Proteomics,” Proteomics Clinical Applications 8, 73-85 (2014).

568. L. Ulatowski, R. Parker, G. Warrier, R. Sultana, D.A. Butterfield, and D. Manor, "Vitamin E is Essential for Purkinje Neuron Integrity," Neuroscience 260, 120-129 (2014).

567. M. Perluigi, A.M. Swomley, and D.A. Butterfield, “Redox Proteomics and the Dynamic Molecular Landscape of the Aging Brain,” Ageing Research Reviews 13, 75-89 (2014).

566. S.A. Farr, J.L. Ripley, R. Sultana, Z. Zhang, M.L. Niehoff, T.L. Platt, M.P. Murphy, J.E. Morley, V. Kumar, and D.A. Butterfield, “Antisense Oligonucleotide Against GSK-3b in Brain of SAMP8 Mice Improves Learning and Memory and Decreases Oxidative Stress: Involvement of Transcription Factor Nrf2 and Implications for Alzheimer Disease,” Free Radical Biology and Medicine 67, 387-395 (2014).

565. D.A. Butterfield and I. Dalle-Donne, "Redox Proteomics: From Protein Modification to Cellular Dysfunction and Disease," Mass Spectrometry Reviews 33, 1-6 (2014).

564. E. Barone, F. Di Domenico, C. Mancuso, and D.A. Butterfield, “The Janus Face of the Heme Oxygenase/Biliverdin Reductase System in Alzheimer Disease: It's Time for Reconciliation,” Neurobiology of Disease 62,144-159 (2014).

563. R. Sultana and D.A. Butterfield, "Oxidative Modification of Brain Proteins in Alzheimer Disease: Prespective on Future Studies Based on Results of Redox Proteomics Studies," Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 33, S243-S251 (2013).

562. V. Makani, R. Sultana, K. Sie, D. Orjiako, M. Tat, A. Dowling, J. Cai, WM Pierce, D.A. Butterfield, J.W. Hill, and J. Park, "Annexin A1 Complex Mediates Oxytocin Vesicle Transport" Journal of Neuroendocrinology 25, 1241-1254 (2013).

561. R. Sultana, A.M. Swomley, and D.A. Butterfield, “Brain Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Alzheimer Disease,” in Studies on Alzheimer’s Disease, D. Pratico and P. Mecocci, Eds., Humana Press/Springer, New York,  pp. 99-118 (2013).

560. R. Sultana, G. Cenini, and D.A. Butterfield, “Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases,” in Molecular Basis of Oxidative Stress: Chemistry, Mechanisms, and Disease Pathogenesis, F.A. Villamena, Editor, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, pps. 359-376 (2013).

559. R. Sultana, M. Baglioni, R. Cecchetti, J. Cai, J.B. Klein, P. Bastiani, C. Ruggiero, P. Mecocci, and D.A. Butterfield, “Lymphocyte Mitochondria: Toward Identification of Peripheral Biomarkers in Progression of Alzheimer Disease,” Free Radical Biology & Medicine 65, 595-606 (2013).

558. D.A. Butterfield, A. Swomley, and R. Sultana, "Amyloid β-Peptide 1-42-induced Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer Disease: Importance in Disease Pathogenesis and Progression," Antioxidant Redox Signal 19, 823-835 (2013).

557. J.T. Keeney, S. Forster, R. Sultana, L.D. Brewer, C.S. Latimer, J. Cai, J.B. Klein, N.M Porter, and D.A. Butterfield, "Dietary Vitamin D Deficiency in Rats from Middle- to Old-age Leads to Elevated Tyrosine Nitration and Proteomics Changes in Levels of Key Proteins in Brain: Implications for Low Vitamin D-dependent Age-Related Cognitive Decline," Free Radical Biology and Medicine 65, 324-334 (2013).

556. R. Sultana, M. Perluigi, and D.A. Butterfield, “Lipid Peroxidation Triggers Neurodegeneration: A Redox Proteomics View into the Alzheimer Disease Brain,” Free Radic. Biol. Med. 62, 157-169 (2013).

555. A. Fiorini, R. Sultana, S. Forster, M. Perluigi, G. Cenini, C. Cini, J. Cai, J.B. Klein, S.A. Farr, M.L. Niehoff, J.E. Morley, V.B. Kumar, and D.A. Butterfield, “Antisense Directed Against PS-1 Gene Decreases Brain Oxidative Markers in Aged Senescence Accelerated Mice (SAMP8) and Reverses Learning and Memory Impairment: A Proteomics Study,” Free Radical Biology and Medicine 65, 1-14 (2013).

554. F. Di Domenico, R. Coccia, A. Cocciolo, M.P. Murphy, G. Cenini, E. Head, D.A. Butterfield, A. Giorgi, M.E. Schininà, C. Mancuso, C. Cini, and M. Perluigi,  “Impairment of Protestasis Network in Down Syndrome Prior to the Development of Alzheimer’s Disease Neuropathology: Redox Proteomics Analysis of Human Brain,” Biochim. Biophys. Acta—Molec. Basis Dis. 1832, 1249-1259 (2013).

553. R.A.S. Robinson and D.A. Butterfield, "Insights from Proteomics into Mild Cognitive Impairment, Likely the Earliest Stage of Alzheimer's Disease, in Alzheimer's Disease Research Compendium, M.-K. Sun, Ed., Nova Science Publishers, Columbus, OH, pp. 97-116 (2013).

552. S.S. Hardas, R. Sultana, A.M. Clark, C. Bracket, L.I. Szweda,  M.P. Murphy, and D. A. Butterfield,  “Oxidative Modification of Lipoic Acid by HNE in Alzheimer Disease Brain,” Redox Biology 1, 80-85 (2013).

551. J.T. Keeney, A.M. Swomley, S. Förster, J.L. Harris, R. Sultana, and D.A. Butterfield, “Apolipoprotein A-I: Insights From Redox Proteomics for Its Role in Neurodegeneration,” Proteomics—Clinical Applications 7, 109-122 (2013).

550. P. Jungsuwadee, T. Zhao, E.I. Stolarczyk, C.M. Paumi, D.A. Butterfield, D.K. St..Clair, and M. Vore, “The G671V Variant of MRP1/ABCC1 Links Doxorubicin-Induced Acute Cardiac Toxicity to Disposition of the Glutathione Conjugate of 4-Hydroxy-2-Trans-Nonenal,” Pharmacogenetics and Genomics Journal 22, 273-284 (2012).

549. F. Di Domenico, M. Perluigi, and D.A. Butterfield, “Redox Proteomics Studies on C.elegans Models: A Simple Organism that Provides Insights into Complex Neurodegenerative Disorders,” European Journal of Neurodegenerative Disorders 1, 279-291 (2012).

548. A. Fiorini, R. Sultana, E. Barone, G. Cenini, M. Perluigi, C. Mancuso, J. Cai, J.B. Klein, D. St. Clair, and D.A. Butterfield, “Lack of p53 Affects the Expression of Several Brain Mitochondrial Proteins: Insights From Proteomics into Important Pathways Regulated by p53,” PLoS One 2012;7, e49846 (2012).

547. C. Pocernich, D.A. Butterfield, and L. Head, “Diet and Brain Aging: Effects on Cell and Mitochondrial Function and Structure,” in Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for the Aging Population, (R.R. Watson and V.R. Preedy, Eds.), Elsevier Publishers, Amsterdam, 249-262 (2012).       

546. R. Sultana, G. Cenini, and D.A. Butterfield, “SAMP8: A Model to Understand the Role of Oxidative Stress in Age-Related Diseases Including Alzheimer’s Disease,” in  The Senescence Accelerated Mouse (SAM): Achievements and Future Directions, (T. Takeda, Ed.), Elsevier Publishers, Amsterdam, 361-370 (2012).

545. R. Khanna, S.M. Wilson, J.M. Brittain, J. Weimer, R. Sultana, A. Butterfield, and K. Hensley, “Opening Pandora’s Jar: A Primer on the Putative Roles of CRMP2 in a Panoply of Neurodegenerative, Sensory and Motor Neuron, and Central Disorders,” Future Neurology 7, 749-771 (2012).

544. F. Di Domenico, E. Barone, C. Mancuso, M. Perluigi, A. Cocciolo, P. Mecocci, D.A. Butterfield, and R. Coccia, “HO-1/BVR-A System Analysis in Plasma from Probable Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment Subjects: A Potential Biochemical Marker for the Prediction of the Disease,” Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 32, 277-289 (2012).

543. S.S. Hardas, R. Sultana, G. Warrier, M. Dan, R.L. Florence, P. Wu, E.A. Grulke, M.T. Tseng, J.M. Unrine, U.M. Graham, R.A. Yokel, and D.A. Butterfield, “Rat Brain Pro-Oxidant Effects of Peripherally Administered 5 nm Ceria 30 Days After Exposure,” Neurotoxicology 33, 1147-1155 (2012).

542. A. Cocciolo, F. Di Domenico1, R. Coccia, A. Fiorini, J. Cai, W.M. Pierce, P. Mecocci, D.A. Butterfield, and M. Perluigi, “Decreased expression and increased oxidation of plasma haptoglobin in Alzheimer disease: Insights From redox proteomics,” Free Radic. Biol. Med. 53, 1868-1876 (2012).

541. D.A. Butterfield, M. Perluigi, T. Reed, T. Muharib, C. Hughes, R. Robinson, and R. Sultana, “Redox Proteomics in Selected Neurodegenerative Disorders. From its Infancy to Future Applications,” Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 17, 1610-1655 (2012).

540. M. Perluigi, R. Coccia, and D.A. Butterfield, “4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal, a Reactive Product of Lipid Peroxidation, and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Toxic Combination Illuminated by Redox Proteomics Studies,” Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 17, 1590-1609 (2012).

539. R. Sultana, R.A.S. Robinson, M. Bader Lange, A. Fiorini, V. Galvan, J. Fombonne, A. Baker, O. Gorostiza, J. Zhang, J. Cai, W. Pierce, D. Bredesen, and D.A. Butterfield, “Do Proteomics Analyses Provide Insights into Reduced Oxidative Stress in Brain of an Alzheimer Disease Transgenic Mouse Model with an M631L Amyloid Precursor Protein Substitution and Thereby the Importance of Amyloid-Beta-Resident Methionine 35 in Alzheimer Disease Pathogenesis?” Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 17, 1507-1514 (2012).

538. F. Di Domeico, R. Sultana, A. Ferree, K. Smith, E. Barone, M. Perluigi, R. Coccia, W. Pierce, J. Cai, C. Mancuso, R. Squillace, M. Weingele, I. Dalle-Donne, B. Wolozin, and D.A. Butterfield, "Redox Proteomics Analyses of the Influence of Co-Expression of Wild Type or Mutated LRRK2 and Tau on C. elegans Protein Expression and Oxidative Modification: Relevance to Parkinson Disease," Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 17, 1490-1506 (2012).    

537. D.A. Butterfield and I. Dalle-Donne, "Redox Proteomics," Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 17, 1487-1489 (2012).

536. O.V. Tsyusko, S.S. Hardas, W.A. Shoults-Wilson, C.P. Starnes, G. Joice, D.A. Butterfield, and J.M. Unrine, “Short-Term Molecular-Level Effects of Silver Nanoparticle Exposure on the Earthworm, Eisenia Fetida,” Environmental Pollution 171, 249-255 (2012).

535. J.T. Keeney, A.M. Swomley, J.L. Harris, A. Fiorini, M.I. Mitov, M. Perluigi, R. Sultana, and D.A. Butterfield, “Cell Cycle Proteins in Brain in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Insights into Progression to Alzheimer’s Disease,” Neurotox. Res. 22, 220-230 (2012).

534. D.A. Butterfield, E. Barone, F. Di Domenico, G. Cenini, R. Sultana, M.P. Murphy, C. Mancuso, and E. Head, "Atorvastatin Treatment in a Dog Preclinical Model of Alzheimer Disease Leads to Up-regulation of Heme Oxygenase-1 and Is Associated with Reduced Oxidative Stress in Brain," Internat. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 15, 981-987 (2012).

533. M.A. Erickson, P.E. Hartvigson, Y. Morofuji, J.B. Owen, D.A. Butterfield, and W.A. Banks. “Lipopolysaccharide Impairs Amyloid Beta Efflux From Brain: Altered Vascular Sequestration, Cerebrospinal Fluid Reabsorption, Peripheral Clearance and Transporter Function at the Blood-Brain Barrier,” J. Neuroinflammation 9, 150 (2012).

532. E. Barone, F. Di Domenico, R. Sultana, R. Coccia, C. Mancuso, M. Perluigi, and D.A. Butterfield, “Heme Oxygenase-1 Posttranslational Modifications in the Brain of Subjects with Alzheimer Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment,” Free Radical Biology and Medicine 52, 2292–2301 (2012).

531. A.R. Evans, S. Miriyala, D.K. St. Clair, D.A. Butterfield, and R.A. Robinson, “Global Effects of Adriamycin Treatment on Mouse Splenic Protein Levels,” J. Proteome Res. 11, 1054-1064 (2012).

530. P. Jungsuwadee, T. Zhao, E.I. Stolarczyk, C.M. Paumi, D.A. Butterfield, D.K. St..Clair, and M. Vore, “The G671V Variant of MRP1/ABCC1 Links Doxorubicin-Induced Acute Cardiac Toxicity to Disposition of the Glutathione Conjugate of 4-Hydroxy-2-Trans-Nonenal,” Pharmacogenetics and Genomics Journal 22, 273-284 (2012).

529. E. Barone, G. Cenini, R. Sultana, F. Di Domenico, A. Fiorini, T. Noel, C. Mancuso, D.K. St. Clair, and D.A. Butterfield, “Lack of p53 Decreases Basal Oxidative Stress Levels in Brain Through Up-Regulation of Thioredoxin-1, Biliverdin Rederctase-A, Manganese Superoxide Dismutase, and Nuelear Factor-kapa B,” Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 16, 1407-1420 (2012).

528. R. Siciliano, E. Barone, V. Calabrese, V. Rispoli, D.A. Butterfield, and C. Mancuso, "Experimental Research On Nitric Oxide and the Therapy of Alzheimer Disease: A Challenging Bridge,” CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 10, 766-776 (2012).

527. F. De Marco, E. Bucaj, C. Foppoli, A. Fiorini, C. Blarzino, K. Filipi, A. Giorgi, M.E. Schininà, F. Di Domenico, R. Coccia, D.A. Butterfield, and M. Perluigi, “Oxidative Stress in HPV-Driven Viral Carcinogenesis: Redox Proteomics analysis of HPV-16 Dysplastic and Neoplastic Tissues,” Plos One 7, e34366 (2012).

526. M.T. Tseng, X. Lu, X. Duan, S.S. Hardas, R. Sultana, P. Wu, J.M. Unrine, U. Graham, D.A. Butterfield, E.A. Grulke, and R.A. Yokel, "Alteration of Hepatic Structure and Oxidative Stress Induced by Intravenous Nanoceria," Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 260, 173-182 (2012).

525. R.A. Yokel, T.C. Au, R. MacPhail, S.S. Hardas, D.A. Butterfield, R. Sultana, M. Goodman, M.T. Tseng, M. Dan, A. Hughnazar, J.M. Unrine, U.M. Gram, P. Wn, and E.A. Grulhe, “Distribution, Elimination and Biopersistence to 90 Days of a Systemically-Introduced 30nm Ceria Engineered Nanomaterial in Rats,” Toxicological Sciences 127, 256-268 (2012).

524. F. Di Domenico, G. Casalena, J. Jia, R. Sultana, E. Barone, J. Cai, W.M. Pierce, C. Cini, M. Perluigi, C.M. Davis, N.J. Alkayed, and D.A. Butterfield, "Sex Differences in Brain Proteomes of Nuron-Specific Stat3-Null Mice after Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion," Journal of Neurochemistry 121, 680-692 (2012).

523. G. Colombo, I. Dalle-Donne, M. Orioli, D. Giustarini, R. Rossi, M. Clerici; Luca  Regazzoni, G. Aldini, A. Milzani, D.A. Butterfield, and N. Gagliano, “Oxidative Damage in Human Gingival Fibroblasts Exposed to Cigarette Smoke,” Free Radical Biology & Medicine 52, 1584-1596 (2012).

522. D.A. Butterfield and J.N. Keller, “Antioxidants and Antioxidant Treatment in Disease,” Biochim. Biophys. Acta – Molecular Basis of Disease 1822, 615 (2012). 

521. C.B. Pocernich and D.A. Butterfield, "Elevation of Glutathione as a Therapeutic Strategy in Alzheimer Disease,” Biochim. Biophys. Acta – Molecular Basis of Disease 1822, 625-630 (2012).

520. L. Buizza, G. Cenini, C. Lanni, G. Ferrari-Toninelli, C. Prandelli, S. Govoni, E. Buoso, M. Racchi, M. Barcikowska, M. Styczynska, A. Szybinska, D.A. Butterfield, M. Memo, and D. Uberti, “Conformational Altered p53 as an Early Marker of Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease,” PLoS One  2012;7, e29789 (2012).

519. E. Barone, C. Mancuso, F. Di Domenico, R. Sultana, M.P. Murphy, E. Head, and D.A. Butterfield, “Biliverdin Reductase-A: a Novel Drug Target for Atorvastatin in a Dog Preclinical Model of Alzheimer Disease,” Journal of Neurochemistry 120, 135-146 (2012).

518. M. Perluigi and D.A. Butterfield, "Oxidative Stress and Down Syndrome: a Route Toward Alzheimer-like Dementia," Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research 2012:724904 (2012).

517. G. Cenini, A. Dowling, T. Beckett, E. Barone, C. Mancuso, M.P. Murphy, H. Levine, I. Lott, F. Schmitt, D.A. Butterfield, and E. Head, “Association Between Frontal Cortex Oxidative Damage and Beta-Amyloid as a Function of Age in Down Syndrome,” Biochim Biophys. Acta-Molec. Basis of Disease 1822, 130-138 (2012).

516. F. Di Domenico, R. Coccia, D.A. Butterfield, and M. Perluigi, “Circulating Biomarkers of Protein Oxidation for Alzheimer Disease: Expectations within Limits,” Biochim. Biophys. Acta- Proteins and Proteomics 1814, 1785-1795 (2011).

515. R.A.S. Robinson, G. Joshi, Q. Huang, R. Sultana, A.S. Baker, J. Cai, W.M. Pierce, D.K. St. Clair, W.R. Markesbery, and D.A. Butterfield, “Proteomics Analysis of Brain Proteins in APP/PS-1 Human Double Mutant Knock-in Mice with Increasing Amyloid β-Peptide Deposition:  Insights into the Effects of in vivo Treatment with N-Acetylcysteine as a Potential Therapeutic Intervention in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease,”Proteomics 11, 4243-4256 (2011).

514. R.A.S. Robinson,  M. Bader Lange, R.Sultana, V. Galvan, J. Fombonne, O. Gorostiza, J. Zhang, G. Warrier, J. Cai, W.M. Pierce,D.E. Bredesen, and D.A. Butterfield, “Differential Expression and Redox Proteomics Analyses of an Alzheimer Disease Transgenic Mouse Model:  Effects of the Amyloid-β Peptide of Amyloid Precursor protein(=),” Neuroscience 177, 207-222 (2011).

513. R. Sultana, R.A.S. Robinson, H. Mohmmad Abdul, F. Di Domenico, D.K. St. Clair, W.R. Markesbery, J. Cai, W.M. Pierce, and D.A. Butterfield, "Proteomics Identification of Specifcally Carbonylated Brain Proteins in APPNLh/APPNLh X PS-1P264L/PS-1P264L Human Double Mutant Knock-in Mice Model of Alzheimer Disease as a Function of Age,” J. Proteomics 74, 2430-2440 (2011).

512. P.P. Wattamwar, S.S. Hardas, D.A. Butterfield, K.W. Anderson, and T.D. Dziubla, “Tuning of the Pro-Oxidant and Antioxidant Activity of Trolox Through the Controlled Release From Biodegradable Poly(Trolox Ester) Polymers,” Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part A 99, 184-191 (2011).

511. S.B. Martin, G. Cenini, E. Barone, A.L. Dowling, C. Mancuso, D.A. Butterfield, M.P. Murphy, and E. Head, "Coenzyme Q10 and Cognition in Atorvastin-treated Dogs," Neuroscience Letters 501, 92-95 (2011).

510. C. Mancuso, R. Siciliano, E. Barone, D.A. Butterfield, and P. Preziosi, “Pharmacologists and Alzheimer Disease Therapy: To Boldly Go Where No Scientist Has Gone Before,” Expert Opinion in Investigational Drugs 20, 1243-1261 (2011).

509. E. Barone, F. Di Domenico, G. Cenini, R. Sultana, R. Coccia, P. Preziosi, M. Perluigi, C. Mancuso, and D.A. Butterfield, “Oxidative and Nitrosative Modifications of Biliverdin Reductase in the Brain of Subjects with Alzheimer Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment,”Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 25, 623-633 (2011).

508. M. Perluigi and D.A. Butterfield, “The Identification of Protein Biomarkers for Oxidative Stress in Down Syndrome,” Expert Reviews of Proteomics 8, 427-429 (2011).

507. D.A. Butterfield, E. Barone, and C. Mancuso, “Cholesterol-Independent Neuroprotective and Neurotoxic Activities of Statins: Perspectives for Statin Use in Alzheimer Disease and Other Age-Related Neurodegenerative Disorders,” Pharmacological Research 64, 180-186 (2011).

506. D.A. Butterfield and R.Sultana, “Methionine-35 of Aβ (1–42): Importance for Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer Disease," Journal of Amino Acids 2011, 1-10 (2011).

505. F. Di Domenico, R. Sultana, E. Barone, M. Perluigi, C. Cini, C. Mancuso,J. Cai, W.M. Pierce, and D.A. Butterfield, “Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Phosphorylated Proteins in the Hippocampus of Alzheimer's Disease Subjects,” Journal of Proteomics 74, 1091-1103 (2011).

504. C.B. Pocernich, M.L. Bader Lange, R. Sultana, and D.A. Butterfield, "Nutritional Approaches to Modulate Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer’s Disease," Current Alzheimer's Research 8, 452-469 (2011).

503. C.D. Aluise, S. Miriyala, T. Noel, R. Sultana, P. Jungsuwadee, T.J.Taylor, J. Cai, W.M. Pierce, M. Vore, J.A. Moscow, D.K. St. Clair, and D.A. Butterfield, “2-Mercaptoethanesulfonate (MESNA) Prevents Doxorubicin-Induced Plasma Protein Oxidation and TNFa Release,” Free Radical Biology & Medicine 50, 1630-1638 (2011).

502. M. Perluigi, F. Di Domenico, A. Fiorini, A. Cocciolo, A. Giorgi, C. Foppoli, D.A. Butterfield, M. Giorlandino, C. Giorlandino, M.E. Schinina, and R. Coccia, “Oxidative Stress Occurs Early in Down Syndrome Pregnancy: A Redox Proteomics Analysis of Amniotic Fluid,” Proteomics—Clinical Applications 167-178 (2011).

501. R. Sultana, P. Mecocci, F. Mangialasche, R. Cecchetti, and D.A. Butterfield, “Increased Protein and Lipid Oxidative Damage in Mitochondria Isolated From Lymphocytes From Patients with Alzheimer Disease: Insights into the Role of Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease and Initial Investigations into a Potential Biomarker for this Dementing Disorder,” Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 24, 77-84 (2011).

500. R. Sultana and D.A. Butterfield, “Brain Protein Oxidation and Modification for Good or for Bad in Alzheimer’s Disease,” Advances in Neurobiology 1, 585-605 (2011).

499. D.A. Butterfield, "Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer Disease: Synergy Between the Butterfield and Markesbery Laboratories," NeuroMolecular Medicine 13, 19-22 (2010).

498. D.A. Butterfield "Preface to the Special Issue of NeuroMolecular Medicine in Memory of the Life and Legacy of William R. Markesbery, M.D.," NeuroMolecular Medicine 13, 1-2 (2011).

497. D.A. Butterfield, T.T. Reed, and R. Sultana,"Roles of 3-Nitrotyrosine- and 4-Hydroxynonenal-Modified Brain Proteins in the Progression and Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease," Free Radical Research 45, 59-72 (2011).

496. R. Sultana and D.A. Butterfield, “Identification of the Oxidative Stress Proteome in the Brain,” Free Radical Biology Medicine 50, 487-494 (2011).

495. D.A. Butterfield, “Atorvastatin and Aβ(1-40): Not as Simple as Cholesterol Reduction in Brain and Relevance to Alzheimer Disease,” Experimental Neurology 228, 15-18 (2011).

494. E. Barone, F. Di Domenico, G. Cenini, R. Sultana, C. Cini, P. Preziosi, M. Perluigi, C. Mancuso, and D.A. Butterfield, “Biliverdin Reductase-A Protein Levels and Activity in the Brains of Subjects with Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment,” Biochimica Biophysica Acta-Molecular Basis of Disease 1812, 480-487 (2011).

493. E. Barone, G. Cenini, F. Di Domenico, S. Martin, R. Sultana, C. Mancuso, M. Paul Murphy, E. Head, and D. Allan Butterfield, "Long-term High-dose Atorvastatin Decreases Brain Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress in a Preclinical Model of Alzheimer Disease: a Novel Mechanism of Action," Pharmacological Research 63, 172-180 (2011).

492. D.A. Butterfield and J.B. Owen, “Lectin-Affinity Chromatography Brain Glycoproteomics and Alzheimer Disease: Insights into Protein Alterations Consistent with the Pathology and Progression of this Dementing Disorder,” Proteomics—Clinical Applications 5, 50-56 (2011).

491. C.D. Aluise, R.A.S. Robinson, J. Cai, W.M. Pierce, W.R. Markesbery, and D.A. Butterfield, “Redox Proteomics Analysis of Brains From Subjects with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment Compared to Brains From Subjects with Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease: Insights into Memory Loss in MCI,” Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 23, 257-269 (2011).

490. F. Di Domenico, M. Perluigi, D.A. Butterfield, C. Cornelius, and V. Calabrese, “Oxidative Damage in Rat Brain During Aging: Interplay Between Energy and Metabolic Key Target Proteins,” Neurochem Res. 35, 2184-2192 (2010).

489. R.A. Sowell and D.A. Butterfield, “Spontaneous Vertebrate Models of Alzheimer Dementia: Selectively bred strains (SAM strains),” in Animal Models of Dementia, Neuromethods Series, Humana Press Inc.; New York, 271-293 (2010).

488. R. Sultana, F. Di Domenico, M. Tseng, J. Cai, T. Noel, R.L. Chelvarajan, W.D. Pierce, C. Cini, S. Bondada, D.K. St. Clair, and D.A. Butterfield, “Doxorubicin-Induced Thymus Senescence,” Journal of Proteome Research 9, 6232-6241 (2010).

487. M. Perluigi, F. Di Domenico, A. Giorgi, M.E. Schininà, R. Coccia, C. Cini, F. Bellia, M.T. Cambria, C. Cornelius, D.A. Butterfield, and V. Calabrese, “Redox Proteomics in Aging Rat Brain: Involvement of Mitochondrial Reduced Glutathione Status and Mitochondrial Protein Oxidation in the Aging Process,” J. Neurosci. Res. 88, 3498-3507 (2010).

486. F. Di Domenico, J.B. Owen, R. Sultana, R.A. Sowell, M. Perluigi, C. Cini, J. Cai, W.M. Pierce, and D.A. Butterfield, “The Wheat Germ Agglutinin-Fractionated Proteome of Subjects with Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment Hippocampus and Inferior Parietal Lobule: Implications for Disease Pathogenesis and Progression,” J. Neurosci. Res. 88, 3566-3577 (2010).

485. F. Di Domenico, G. Casalena, R. Sultana, J. Cai, W.M Pierce, M. Perluigi, C. Cini, A. Baracca, G. Solaini, G. Lenaz, J. Jia, S.Dziennis, S.J. Murphy, N.J. Alkayed, and D.A. Butterfield, “Involvement of STAT3 in Mouse Brain Development and Sexual Dimorphism: A Proteomics Approach,” Brain Research 1362, 1-12 (2010).

484. R.E. Haskew-Laytona, J.B. Payappilly, N.A. Smirnova, T.C. Ma, K.K. Chan, T.H. Murphy, H. Guo, B. Langley, R. Sultana, D.A. Butterfield, S. Santagata, M.J. Alldred, I.G. Gazaryan, G.W. Bell, S.D. Ginsberg, and R.R. Ratan, “Controlled Enzymatic Production of Astrocytic Hydrogen Peroxide Protects Neurons From Oxidative Stress Via An Nrf2-Independent Pathway,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 107, 17385-17390 (2010).

483. J.B. Owen, R. Sultana, C.D. Aluise, M.A. Erickson, T.O. Price, G. Bu, W.A. Banks, and  D.A. Butterfield, “Oxidative Modification to LDL-related Receptor Protein 1 (LRP1) in Hippocampus From Subjects with Alzheimer's Disease: Implications for Aβ Accumulation in AD Brain,” Free Radical Biology and Medicine 49, 1798-1803 (2010).

482. G. Cenini, G. Maccarinelli, C. Lanni, S.A. Bonini, G. Ferrari-Toninelli, S. Govoni, M. Racchi, D.A. Butterfield, M. Memo, and D. Uberti, “Wild Type But Not Mutant APP is Involved in Protective Adaptive Responses Against Oxidants,” Amino Acids 39, 271-283 (2010).

481. J.B. Owen and D.A. Butterfield, "Measurement of Oxidized/Reduced Glutathione Ratio," Meth. Molec. Biol. 648, 269-277 (2010).

480. Q. Huang, C, Aluise, G. Joshi, R. Sultana, D. St. Clair, W. Markesbery, and D.A. Butterfield, "Potential In Vivo Amelioration By N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine of Oxidative Stress in Brain in Human Double Mutant APP/PS-1 Knock-In Mice: Towards Therapeutic Modulation of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI),"  Journal of Neuroscience Research 88, 2618-2629 (2010).

479. S.S. Hardas, D.A. Butterfield, R. Sultana, M. Dan, R.L. Florence, J.M. Unrine, U.M. Graham, P. Wu, E.A. Grulke, M.T. Tseng, and R.A. Yokel, “Brain Distribution and Toxicological Evaluation of a Systemically Delivered Engineered Nanoscale Ceria,” Toxicological Sciences 116, 562-576 (2010).

478. D.A. Butterfield, M.L. Bader Lange, and R. Sultana, "Involvements of the Lipid Peroxidation Product, HNE, in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Alzheimer's Disease," Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1801, 924-929 (2010).

477. C.D. Aluise, R. Sultana, J. Tangpong, M. Vore, D. St. Clair, J.A. Moscow, and D.A. Butterfield, "Chemo Brain (Chemo Fog) as a Potential Side Effect of Doxrubicin Administration: Role of Cytokine-induced, Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress in Cognitive Dysfunction," in Chemo-Fog (ed by R.B. Faffa and R.J. Tallarida), Landes Bioscience, Austin, TX,  pp. 147-156 (2010).

476. C.D. Aluise, R.A.S. Robinson, T.L. Beckett, M.P. Murphy, J. Cai, W.M. Pierce, W.R. Markesbery, and D.A. Butterfield, Preclinical Alzheimer Disease: Brain Oxidative Stress, Aβ Peptide and Proteomics,” Neurobiology of Disease 39, 221-228 (2010).

475. D.A. Butterfield, S.S. Hardas, and M.L. Bader Lange, “Oxidatively Modified Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and Alzheimer Disease: Many Pathways to Neurodegeneration,” Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 20, 369-393 (2010).

474. M. Perluigi, F. Di Domenico, C. Blarzino, C. Foppoli, C. Cini, A. Giorgi, C. Grillo, F. De Marco, D.A. Butterfield, M.E. Schininna, and R. Coccia, “Effects of UVB-Induced Oxidative Stress on Protein Expression and Specific Protein Oxidation in Normal Human Epithelial Keratinocytes: A Proteomics Approach,” Proteome Science 8, 13-26 (2010).

473. F. Di Domenico, R. Sultana, G.F. Tiu, N.N. Scheff, M. Perluigi, C. Cini, and D.A. Butterfield, “Protein Levels of Heat Shock Proteins 27, 32, 60, 70, 90 and Thioredoxin-1 in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: An Investigation on the Role of Cellular Stress Response in the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease,” Brain Research 1333, 72-81 (2010).

472. D.A. Butterfield, "William R. Markesbery, M.D.: A Legacy of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and a Life Well Lived," Journal of Alzheimre's Disease 20, 3-4 (2010).

471. M.L. Lange, D.K. St. Clair, W.R. Markesbery, C.M. Studzinski, M.P. Murphy, and D.A. Butterfield, “Age-Related Loss of Phospholipid Asymmetry in APPNLh/APPNLh x PS-1P264L/PS-1P264L Human Double Mutant Knock-In Mice: Relevance to Alzheimer Disease,” Neurobiology of Disease 38, 104-115 (2010).

470. G. Joshi, C. D. Aluise, M.P. Cole, R. Sultana, M. Vore, D.K. St. Clair, and D.A. Butterfield, “Alterations in Brain Antioxidant Enzymes and Redox Proteomic Identification of Oxidized Brain Proteins Induced by the Anti-Cancer Drug Adriamycin: Implications for Oxidative Stress-Mediated Chemobrain,” Neuroscience 166, 796-807 (2010).

469. R. Sultana, M. Perluigi, S. Newman, W. Pierce, C. Cini, R. Coccia, and D.A. Butterfield, "Redox Proteomic Analysis of Carbonylated Brain Proteins in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early Alzheimer's Disease," Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 12, 327-336 (2010).

468. Y.J. Suzuki, M. Carini, and D.A. Butterfield, “Protein Carbonylation,” Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 12, 323-325 (2010).

467. R. Sultana, W.A. Banks, and D.A. Butterfield, "Decreased Levels of PSD95 and Two Associated Proteins and Increased Levels of BCl2 and Caspase 3 in Hippocampus From Subjects with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: Insights into Their Potential Roles for Loss of Synapses and Memory, Accumulation of Aβ, and Neurodegeneration in a Prodromal Stage of Alzheimer’s Disease," Journal of Neuroscience Research 88, 469-477 (2010).

466. V. Calabrese, C. Cornelius, C. Mancuso, R. Lentile, A.M. Stella, and D.A. Butterfield, "Redox Homeostasis and Cellular Stress Response in Aging and Neurodegeneration," Meth. Molec. Biol. 610, 285-308 (2010).

465. D.A. Butterfield, V. Galvan, M. Bader Lange, H. Tang, R.A. Sowell, P. Spilman, J. Fombonne, O. Gorostiza, J. Zhang, R. Sultana, and D.E. Bredesen, "In Vivo Oxidative Stress in Brain of Alzheimer Disease Transgenic Mice: Requirement for Methionine 35 in Amyloid β-Peptide of APP," Free Radic Biol Med 48, 136-144 (2010).

464. T.T. Reed, R. Sultana, and D.A. Butterfield, “Redox Proteomics of Oxidatively Modified Brain Proteins in Mild Cognitive Impairment,” in Neuroproteomics (O. Alzate, Editor), Taylor and Francis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 163-195 (2010).

463. R. Sultana and D.A. Butterfield., “Role of Oxidative Stress in the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease,”Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 19, 341-353 (2010).

462. V. Calabrese, R. Lentile, C. Cornelius, M. Scalia, M.T. Cambria, B. Ventimiglia, G. Pennisi, C. Mancuso, and D.A. Butterfield, “Nutritional redox homeostasis and cellular stress response: differential role of homocysteine and acetylcarnitine,” Oxid. Stress Dis., 25, 229-250 (2009).

461. D.A. Butterfield and H. Mohmmad Abdul, "Lipids in Alzheimer's Disease Brain," in Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology (A.Lajtha, Ed.), Springer Publishing, New York, pp. 563-582 (2009).

460. T.T. Reed, W.M. Pierce Jr., D.M. Turner, W.R. Markesbery, and D.A. Butterfield, “Proteomic Identification of Nitrated Brain Proteins in Early Alzheimer’s Disease Inferior Parietal Lobule,” Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine 8B, 2019-2029 (2009).

459. R. Sultana and D.A. Butterfield, “Oxidatively Modified, Mitochondria-Relevant Brain Proteins in Subjects with Alzheimer Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment,” J. Bioenergetics Biomembranes 41, 441-446 (2009).

458. V. Calabrese, C. Cornelius, E. Rizzarelli, J.B. Owen, A.T. Dinkova-Kostova, and D.A. Butterfield, "Nitric Oxide in Cell Survival: A Janus Molecule," Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 11, 2717-2739 (2009).

457. D.A. Butterfield and M.L. Bader Lange, “Multifunctional Roles of Enolase in Alzheimer Disease Brain: Beyond Altered Glucose Metabolism,” Journal of Neurochemistry 111, 915-933 (2009).

456. R.A. Sowell, C.D. Aluise, and D.A. Butterfield, "Acetyl-L-Carnitine and Ferulic Acid Action in Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases," in Micronutrients and Brain Health, L.A. Packer, Ed., Taylor and Francis Publisher, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 341-353 (2009).

455. R. Sultana and D.A. Butterfield, “Proteomics Identification of Carbonylated and HNE-Bound Brain Proteins in Alzheimer’s Disease,” Neuroproteomics Methods in Molecular Biology 566, 123-135 (2009).

454. R.A. Yokel, R.L. Florence, J.M. Unrine, M.T. Tseng, U.M. Graham, P. Wu, E.A. Grulke, R. Sultana, S.S. Hardas, and D.A. Butterfield, “Biodistribution and Oxidative Stress Effects of a Systemically-Introduced Commercial Ceria Engineered Nanomaterial,” Nanotoxicology, 3, 234-248 (2009).

453. R. Sultana, R.A. Sowell, and D.A. Butterfield, “Nitrated Proteins in the Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Proteomics Comparison of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease Brain,” in Oxidative Neural Injury (S.C. Veasey, Ed.), Humana Press, New York, NY, pp. 137-157 (2009).

452. R. Sultana, M. Perluigi, and  D.A. Butterfield, "Proteomics Identification of Oxidatively Modified Proteins in Brain,” in Proteomics: Methods and Protocols (J. Reinders and A. Sickmann, Eds.), Humana Press, New York, NY pp. 291-301 (2009).

451. C.D. Aluise, D. St. Clair, M. Vore, and D.A. Butterfield, “In Vivo Amelioration of Doxorubicin Induced Oxidative Stress in Plasma by Gamma-Glutamylcysteine Ethyl Ester (GCEE),” Cancer Letters 282, 25-29 (2009).

450. R. Sultana, T. Reed, and D.A. Butterfield, “Detection of 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal- and 3-Nitrotyrosine-Modified Proteins Using a Proteomics Approach,” Methods Molec. Biol. 519, 351-361 (2009).

449. R. Sultana, M. Perluigi, and D.A. Butterfield, “Oxidatively Modified Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Animal Models of AD: Role of Abeta in Pathogenesis," Acta Neuropathologica 118, 131-150 (2009).

448. M. Perluigi, R. Sultana, G. Cenini, F. Di Domenico, M. Memo, W.M. Pierce, R. Coccia, and D.A. Butterfield, "Redox Proteomics Identification of 4-Hydroxynonenal-Modified Brain Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease: Role of Lipid Peroxidation in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis,"Proteomics--Clinical Applications 3, 682-693 (2009).

447. T.T. Reed, W.M. Pierce, W.R. Markesbery, and D.A. Butterfield, “Proteomic Identification of HNE-bound Proteins in Early Alzheimer’s Disease: Insights into the Role of Lipid Peroxidation in the Progression of AD,” Brain Research 1274, 66-76 (2009).

446. P. Jungsuwadee, R. Nitipongvanitch, Y. Chen, L. Chaiswing, T.D. Oberly, D.A. Butterfield, D.K. St. Clair, and M. Vore, "Mrp1 Localization and Function in Cardiac Mitochondria after Doxorubicin," Molecular Pharmacology 75, 1117–1126 (2009).

445. L.B. Jaeger, S. Dohgu, R. Sultana, J.L. Lynch, J.B. Owen, M.A. Erickson, G.N. Shar, T.O. Price, M.A. Fleegal-Demotta, D.A. Butterfield, and W.A. Banks, “Lipopolysaccaride Alters the Blood-Brain Transport of Amyloid β-Protein: A Mechanism for Inflammation in the Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease,” Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 23, 507-517 (2009).

444. F. Di Domenico, M. Perluigi, C. Foppoli, C. Blarzino, R. Coccia, F.D. Marco, D.A. Butterfield, and C. Cini, “Protective effect of ferulic acid ethyl ester against oxidative stress mediated by UVB irradiation in human epidermal melanocytes,” Free Radic Res. 43, 365-375 (2009).

443. M.A. Ansari, H. Mohmmad Abdul, G. Joshi, W.O. Opii, and D.A. Butterfield, “Protective Effect of Quercetin in Primary Neurons Against Ab(1-42): Relevance to Alzheimer's Disease,”Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 20, 269-275 (2009).

442. F. Di Domenico, G. Cenini, R. Sultana, M. Perlugi, D. Uberti, M. Memo, and D.A. Butterfield, "Glutathionylation of the Pro-apoptotic Protein p53 in Alzheimer's Disease Brain: Implications for AD Pathogenesis," Neurochemical Research 34, 727-733 (2009).

441. L.R. Ribeiro, M.R. Fighera, M.S. Oliveira, A.F. Furian, L.M. Rambo, A.P. de Oliveira Ferreira, A.L. Lopes Saraiva, M.A. Souza, F.D. Lima, D.V. Magni, R. Dezengrini, E.F. Flores, D.A. Butterfield, J. Ferreira, A.R. Soares dos Santos, C.F. Mello, and L.F. Freire Royes, “Methylmalonate-induced Seizures Are Attenuated in Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Knockout Mice,” International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience 27, 157-163 (2009).

440. J. Owen, F. Di Domenico, R. Sultana, M. Perluigi, C. Cini, W. Pierce, and D.A. Butterfield, “Proteomics-Determined Differences in the Concanavalin-A Fractionated Proteome of Hippocampus and Inferior Parietal Lobule in Subjects with Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Implications for Progression of AD," Journal of Proteome Research 8, 471-482 (2009).

439. T.T. Reed, J. Owen, W.M. Pierce, A. Sebastian, P.G. Sullivan, and D.A. Butterfield, "Proteomic Identification of Nitrated Brain Proteins in Traumatic Brain Injured Rats Treated Post-Injury with Gamma-Glutamylcysteine Ethyl Ester: Insights into the Role of Glutathione Elevation as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Traumatic Brain Injury," Journal of  Neuroscience Research 87, 408-417 (2009).

438. R.A. Sowell, J.B. Owen, and D.A. Butterfield, "Proteomics in Animal Models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases," Aging Research Reviews 8, 1-17 (2009).

437. D.A. Butterfield and W.O. Opii, "Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Nervous System Injury," in The New Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, L. Squire, T. Albright, F. Bloom, F. Gage and N. Spitzer, Eds., Elsevier, Oxford, Encyclopedia of Neuroscience 5, 887-984 (2009).

436. M. Perluigi, A. Giorgi, C. Blarzino, F. De Marco, C. Foppoli, F, Di Domenico, D.A. Butterfield, M.E. Schininà, C. Cini, and R. Coccia, “Proteomics Analysis of Protein Expression and Specific Protein Oxidation in Human Papillomavirus Transformed Keratinocytes Upon UVB Irradiation,” Journal of Cellular Molecular Medicine 13, 1809-1822 (2009).

435. R. Sultana and D.A. Butterfield, “Redox Proteomics Analysis of Oxidative Modified Brain Proteins in Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Insights into the Progression of this Dementing Disorder,” Clinical Proteomics 2, 381-401 (2008).

434. R. Sultana, H.F. Poon, and D.A. Butterfield, "Redox Proteomics Identification of Oxidatively Modified Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease Brain and in Brain From a Rodent Model of Familial Parkinson's Disease,” Adv. Behav. Biol. 57, 149-167 (2008).

433. V. Calabrese, D.A. Butterfield, and A.M. Stella, "Aging and Oxidative Stress Response in the CNS,” in Developmental and Aging Changes in the Nervous System, part of The Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, (A. Lajtha, J.R. Perez-Polo and S. Rossner, Eds.), 3rd Edition, Springer Press, New York, pp. 103-146 (2008).

432. V. Calabrese, R. Ientile, C. Mancuso, A.M. Giuffrida Stella, and D.A. Butterfield, "Nutritional Redox Homeostasis and Cellular Stress Response:  Differential Role of Homocysteine and Acetylcarnitine," in Dietary Modulation of Cell Signaling Pathways, (Y.J. Surh, Z. Dong, E. Cadenas, and L. Packer, Eds.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 230-250 (2008).

431. V. Calabrese, C. Mancuso, C. Cornelius, M.S. Calafato, D.A. Butterfield, A.T. Kinkova-Kostova, and E. Rizzarelli, “Reactive Nitrogen Species and Cellular Stress Tolerance in Aging and Neurodegeneration: Role of Vitagenes,” in Free Radical Pathophysiology, (S. Alvarez and P. Evelson, eds.) Transworld Research Network, Kerala, India, pp. 345-367 (2008).

430. V. Calabrese, G. Pennisi, M. Calvani, D.A. Butterfield, and C. Mancuso, "Heme Oxygenase as Therapeutic Funnel in Nutritional Redox Homeostasis and Cellular Stress Response:  Role of Acetylcarnitine," in  Heat Shock Proteins in Neural Cells, Ed. by C. Richter-Landsberg, Elsevier Press, Amsterdam, pp. 39-52 (2008).

429. R. Sultana, S.F. Newman, Q. Huang, and D.A. Butterfield,  “Detection of Carbonylated Proteins In Two-Dimensional Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Separations,” Methods Mol. Biol. 476, 153-163(2008).

428. D.A. Butterfield, “An Overview of Biofunctional Membranes for Tunable Separations, Metal-ion Capture, and Enzyme Catalysis Based on Research From the Laboratories of Allan Butterfield and Dibakar Bhattacharyya,” Separation Science and Technology 43, 3942-3954 (2008).

427. R. Sultana, M. Piroddi, F. Galli, and D.A. Butterfield, "Protein Levels and Activity of Some Antioxidant Enzymes in Hippocampus of Subjects with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Age-Matched Controls," Neurochemical Research 33, 2540-2546 (2008).

426. J.B. Owen, W.O. Opii, C. Ramassamy, W.M. Pierce, and D.A. Butterfield, “Proteomic Analysis of Brain Protein Expression Levels in NF-k-B p50 -/+ Homozygous Knockout Mice,” Brain Research 1240, 22-30 (2008).

425. H. Mohmmad Abdul, R. Sultana, D.K. St. Clair, W.R. Markesbery, and D.A. Butterfield, "Oxidative Damage in Brain From Human Mutant APP/PS-1 Double Knock-In Mice as a Function of Age," Free Radical Biology and Medicine 45, 1420-1425 (2008).

424. C.D. Aluise, R.A. Sowell, and D.A. Butterfield, “Peptides and Proteins in Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid as Biomarkers for the Prediction, Diagnosis, and Monitoring of Therapeutic Efficacy of Alzheimer's Disease,” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1782, 549-558 (2008).

423. G. Cenini, R. Sultana, M. Memo, and D.A. Butterfield, “Effects of Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress in Brain on p53 Proapoptotic Protein in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease,” Free Radical Biology & Medicine 45, 81-85 (2008).

422. R. Sultana, S.F. Newman, and D.A. Butterfield, "Redox Proteomics: Applications to Age-Related Neurodegenerative Disorders," in Proteomics of the Nervous System, H.G. Nothwang and S.E. Pfeiffer, Eds., Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co., Weinheim, Germany, pp. 253-269 (2008).

421. C. Cenini, R. Sultana, M. Memo, and D.A. Butterfield,“Elevated Levels of p53 and Its Oxidative Modification by HNE in Brain From Subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease,” Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine 12, 987-994 (2008).

420. R. Sultana and D.A. Butterfield, "Redox Proteomics Studies of In Vivo Amyloid Beta-Peptide Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease: Insight into the Role of Oxidative Stress," Proteomics--Clincal Applications 2, 685-696 (2008).

419. D.A. Butterfield and R. Sultana, "Redox Proteomics: Understanding Oxidative Stress in the Progression of Age-Related Neurodegenerative Disorders," Expert Reviews of Proteomics 5, 157-160 (2008).

418. E.G. Oesterling, C. Nitin, X. Arzuaga, D.A. Butterfield, L.G. Bachas, and B. Hennig, “Alumina Nanoparticles Induce Expression of Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecules,”Toxicology Letts. 178, 160-166 (2008).

417. P. Sompol, W. Ittarat, J. Tangpong, Y. Chen, I. Doubinskaia, I. Batinic-Haberle, H. Mohmmad Abdul, D.A. Butterfield, and D.K. St. Clair, “A Neuronal Model of Alzheimer’s Disease: An Insight into the Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress-Mediated Mitochondrial Injury,” Neuroscience 153, 120-130 (2008).

416. S.A. Farr, K.A. Yamada, D.A. Butterfield, H. Mohmmad Abdul, L. Xu, N.E. Miller, W.A. Banks, and J.E. Morley, “Obesity and Hypertriglyceridemia Produce Cognitive Impairment,” Endocrinology 149, 2628-2636 (2008).

415. V. Calabrese, C. Mancuso, R. Ientile, A.M. Giuffrida Stella, and D.A. Butterfield, "Redox Homeostasis and Cellular Stress Response in Aging and Neurodegeneration," in Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, Y.-J Surh, Z. Dong, E. Cadenas, and L. Packer, Eds., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 229-249 (2008).

414. P. Mecocci, E. Mariani, M.C. Polidori, K. Hensley, and D.A. Butterfield, “Antioxidant Agents in Alzheimer’s Disease,” Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry  8, 48-63 (2008).

413. M.A. Brito, S. Lima, A. Fernandes, A.S. Falcao, R.F. Silva, D.A. Butterfield, and D. Brites, “Bilirubin Injury to Neurons: Contribution of Oxidative Stress and Rescue by Glycoursodeoxycholic Acid,” Neurotoxicology 29, 259-269 (2008).

412. T. Reed, M. Perluigi, R. Sultana, W.M. Pierce, D.M. Turner, R. Coccia, W.R. Markesbery, and D.A. Butterfield, “Redox Proteomic Identification of 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal-Modified Proteins in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: Insight into the Role of Lipid Peroxidation in the Progression and Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease,” Neurobiology of Disease 30 107-120 (2008).

411. M.L. Bader Lange, G. Cenini, M. Piroddi, H. Mohmmad Abdul, R. Sultana, F. Galli, M. Memo, and D.A. Butterfield, “Loss of Phospholipid Asymmetry and Elevated Protein Levels in Subjects with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease,” Neurobiology of Disease  29, 456-464 (2008).

410. R. Sultana, T. Reed, and D.A. Butterfield, "Redox Proteomics and Metabolic Proteins in Brain of Subjects with Alzheimer’s Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Models Thereof," in Neural Degeneration and Repair Gene Expression Profiling, Proteomics, Glycomics and Systems Biology, H.W. Muller, Ed., Wiley/VCH Publishers, Heidelberg, pps. 181-207 (2008).

409. R. Sultana and D.A. Butterfield, “Slot Blot Analysis of 3-Nitrotyrosine-Modified Brain Proteins,” Methods of Enzymology 440, 309-316 (2008).

408. D.A. Butterfield and R. Sultana, “Identification of 3-Nitrotyrosine-Modified Brain Proteins by Redox Proteomics,” Methods of Enzymology 440, 295-308 (2008).

407. J. Tangpong, P. Sompol, M. Vore, W. St. Clair, D.A. Butterfield, and D.K. St. Clair, “Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Mediated Nitric Oxide Production Enhances Maganese Superoxide Dismutase Nitration and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Primary Neurons: An Insight into the Role of Glial Cells,” Neuroscience 151, 622-629 (2008).

406. M.A. Brito, A.I. Rosaa, A.S. Falcaoa, A. Fernandesa, F. Rui, M. Silvaa, D.A. Butterfield, and D. Brites, "Unconjugated Bilirubin Differentially Affects the Redox Status of Neuronal and Astroglial Cells," Neurobiology of Disease 29, 30-40 (2008).

405. R. Sultana and D.A. Butterfield, “Alterations of Some Membrane Transport Proteins in Alzheimer’s Disease: Role of Amyloid Beta-Peptide,” Molecular BioSystems, 4, 36-41 (2008).

404. W. O. Opii, G. Joshi, E. Head, N. W. Milgram, B. A. Muggenburg, J. B. Klein, W. M. Pierce, C. W. Cotman, and D.A. Butterfield, "Proteomic Identification of Brain Proteins in the Canine Model of Human Aging Following a Long-Term Treatment with Antioxidants and Program of Behavioral Enrichment: Relevance to Alzheimer's Disease," Neurobiology of Aging 29, 51-70 (2008).

403. D.A. Butterfield, "Oxidative Modification of Brain Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease and Models Thereof: Role of Amyloid Beta-Peptide (1- 42) and Insights From Redox Proteomics ", in Davies, K. (ed.), Free Radicals and the Oxygen Paradox: Oxidative Stress in Biology, Aging and Disease, The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks Ltd, London (2007).  On Line version (first 5-minutes): http://www.hstalks.com/main/browse_talk_view.php?t=391&s=391&s_id=21&c=252

402. H.F. Poon, N.A. Shreve, A. Veicsteinas, V. Calabrese, F. Esposito, and D. A. Butterfield, “Exercise-Mediated Alteration of Protein Redox State in Plasma: A Possible Stimulant for Hermetic Response,” Sports Sci. Health 2, 76-79 (2007).

401. D.A. Butterfield and R. Sultana, “Proteomics Analysis in Alzheimer’s Disease: New Insights into Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration,” Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology, 3 rd Edition: Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System, A. Lajtha, Ed., and M.B.H. Youdim, P. Riederer, S.A. Mandel, and L. Battistin, Volume Eds., Springer, New York, pps. 233-252 (2007).

400. C. Mancuso, T. E. Bates, D.A. Butterfield, S. Calafato, C. Cornelius, A.T. Dinkova Kostova, and V. Calabrese, “Natural Antioxidants in Alzheimer’s Disease,” Expert Opinion in Investigational Drugs 16, 1921-1931 (2007).

399. V. Calabrese, C. Mancuso, M. Calvani, E. Rizzarelli, D.A. Butterfield, and A.M. Giuffrida Stella, “Nitric Oxide in the Nervous System: Neuroprotection vs. Neurotoxicity,” Nature Reviews of Neuroscience 8, 766-775 (2007).

398. D.A. Butterfield and R. Sultana, “Redox Proteomics Identification of Oxidatively Modified Brain Proteins in Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Insights into the Progression of this Dementing Disorder,” Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 12, 61-72 (2007).

397. R. Sultana, T. Reed, M. Perluigi, R. Coccia, W.M. Pierce, and D.A. Butterfield, “Proteomic Identification of Nitrated Brain Proteins in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Regional Study,” J. Cell. Molec. Med. 11, 839-851 (2007).

396. D.A. Butterfield, Tanea Reed, Shelley F. Newman, and Rukhsana Sultana, “Roles of Amyloid β-Peptide-Associated Oxidative Stress and Brain Protein Modifications in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment,”Free Radical Biology & Medicine 43, 658-677 (2007).

395. C. F. Mello, R. Sultana, M. Piroddi, J. Cai, W. M. Pierce, J.B. Klein, and D.A. Butterfield, "Acrolein Induces Selective Protein Carbonylation in Synaptosomes," Neuroscience 147, 674-679 (2007).

394. Y. Chen, P. Jungsuwadee, M. Vore, D.A. Butterfield, and D.K. St. Clair, "Collateral Damage in Cancer Chemotherapy: Oxidative Stress in Nontargeted Tissues," Molecular Interventions 7, 145-154 (2007).

393. R. Sultana and D.A. Butterfield, "Redox Proteomics Analysis of Oxidatively Modified Brain Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Insights into the Progression of this Dementing Disorder," in Clinical Proteomics: From Diagnosis to Therapy, J. Van Eyk and M. Dunn, Eds., Wiley VCH Publishers, Weinheim, 381-401 (2007).

392. W. Opii, V. Nukala, R. Sultana, J. Pandya, K. Day, M. Merchant, J. Klein, P. Sullivan, and D.A. Butterfield, “Proteomic Identification of Oxidized Mitochondrial Proteins Following Experimental Brain Injury,” Journal of Neurotrauma 24, 772-789 (2007).

391. R. Sultana, D. Boyd-Kimball, J. Cai, W.M. Pierce, J.B. Klein, M. Merchant, and D.A. Butterfield, “Proteomics Analysis of the Alzheimer’s Disease Hippocampal Proteome,” Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 11, 153-164 (2007).

390. M. Piroddi, I. Depunzio, V. Calabrese, C. Mancuso, C.M. Aisa, L. Binaglia, A. Minelli, D.A. Butterfield, and F. Galli, “Oxidatively-Modified and Glycated Proteins as Candidate Pro-Inflammatory Toxins in Uremia and Dialysis Patients,” Amino Acids 32, 573-592 (2007).

389. V. Calabrese, E. Guagliano, M. Sapienza, M. Panebianco, S. Calafato, E. Puleo, G. Pennisi, C. Mancuso, D.A. Butterfield, and A. M. Giuffrida Stella, "Redox Regulation of Cellular Stress Response in Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders: Role of Vitagenes," Neurochem. Res. 32, 757-773 (2007).

388. R. Sultana and D.A. Butterfield, "Regional Expression of Key Cell Cycle Proteins in Brain From Subjects with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment," Neurochemical Research 32, 655-662 (2007).

387. S. Newman, R. Sultana, M. Perluigi, R. Coccina, J. Cai, W. Pierce, J. Klein, and D.A. Butterfield, “An Increase in S-Glutathionylated Proteins in the Alzheimer’s Disease Inferior Parietal Lobule, a Proteomics Approach,” JNeurosci. Res. 85, 1506-1514 (2007).

386. V. Calabrese, C. Mancuso, G. Scapagnini, A. Ravagna, M. Perluigi, C. Cini, C. De Marco, D.A. Butterfield, and A. M. Giuffrida Stella, "In Vivo Induction of Heat Shock Proteins in the Substantia Nigra Following L-DOPA Administration is Associated with Increased Activity of Mitochondrial Complex I and Nitrosative Stress in the Rat: Regulation by Glutathione Redox State,"J. Neurochem. 101, 709-717 (2007).

385. D.A. Butterfield , T. Reed, M. Perluigi, Carlo De Marco, Raffaella Coccia, J,N. Keller, W.R. Markesbery, and R. Sultana, “Elevated Levels of 3-Nitrotyrosine in Brain From Subjects with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: Implications for the Role of Nitration in the Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease,” Brain Res. 1148, 243-248 (2007).

384. C.F. Mello, M.A. Rubin, R. Sultana, S. Barron, J.M. Littleton, and D.A. Butterfield, "Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) Prevents Protein Oxidation Induced by Neonatal Ethanol Exposure in the Hippocampus of Young Rats," Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 31, 887-894 (2007).

383. W.O. Opii, R. Sultana, H. Mohmmad Abdul, M. Ansari, A. Nath, and D.A. Butterfield, "Oxidative Stress and Toxicity Induced by the Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI) - 2',3'-Dideoxycytidine (ddC): Relevance to HIV Dementia," Experimental Neurology 204, 29-38 (2007).

382. D.A. Butterfield, “Amyloid β-Peptide (1-42), Oxidative Stress and Alzheimer’s Disease,” in Abeta and Alzheimer’s Disease, C.Barrow and D. Small, Eds., Springer, London, pp. 83-92 (2007).

381. R. Vaishnav, M. Getchell, H.F. Poon, K. Barnett, S. Hunter, W. Pierce, J.B. Klein, D.A. Butterfield, and T. Getchell, "Oxidative Stress in the Aging Murine Olfactory Bulb: Redox Proteomics and Cellular Localization," Journal of Neuroscience Research 85, 373-385 (2007).

380. G. Joshi, S. Hardas, R. Sultana, M. Vore, D. St. Clair, and D.A. Butterfield, "Glutathione Elevation by Gamma-Glutamylcysteine Ethyl Ester as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy Towards Preventing Oxidative Stress in Brain Mediated by In Vivo Administration of Adriamycin: Implications for Chemobrain," Journal of Neuroscience Research 85, 497-503 (2007).

379. H. Mohmmad Abdul and D.A. Butterfield, "Involvement of PI3K/PKG/ERK1/2 Signaling Pathways in Cortical Neurons to Trigger Protection by Co-treatment of Acetyl-L-Carnitine and Alpha-Lipoic Acid Against HNE-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Neurotoxicity: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease," Free Radic. Biol. Med. 42, 371-384 (2007).

378. J. Tangpong, M. P. Cole, R. Sultana, S. Estus, M. Vore, W. St. Clair, S. Ratanachaiyavong, D.K. St. Clair, and D.A. Butterfield, "Adriamycin Mediated Nitration of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase in the Central Nervous System: Insight into the Mechanism of Chemobrain," Journal of Neurochemistry 100, 191-201 (2007).

377. C. Mancuso, G. Scapagnini, D. Gurro, A.M. Giuffrida Stella, C. De Marco, D.A. Butterfield, and V. Calabrese. “Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Free Radical Generation and Cellular Stress Response in Neurodegenerative Disorders,”Frontiers Biosci. 12, 1107-1123 (2007).

376. V. Calabrese, C. Mancuso, C. De Mello, A.M. Gifffrida Stella, and D.A. Butterfield, "Nitric Oxide and Cellular Stress Response in Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders," in Oxidative Stress and Neurological Disorders, G. A. Qureshi and S. Hassan Parvez, Eds., Elsevier Publishers, Amsterdam, 2007, pp. 115-134.

375. P.A. Crooks, S. G. Kottayil, A.M. Al-Ghananeem, S.R. Bryn, and D.A. Butterfield, "Opiate Receptor Binding Properteis of Morphine-, Dihydromorphine-, and Codeine 6-O-Sulfate Ester Congeners," Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 16, 4291-4295 (2006).

374. V. Calabrese, E. Guagliano, M. Sapienza, C. Mancuso, D.A. Butterfield, and A.M. Stella, “Redox Regulation of Cellular Stress Response in Neurodegenerative Disorders,” Italian J. Biochem. 55, 263-282 (2006).

373. D.A. Butterfield, A. Gnjec, H.F. Poon, A. Castegna, W.M. Pierce, J.B. Klein, and R.N. Martins, "Redox Proteomics Identification of Oxidatively Modified Brain Proteins in Inherited Alzheimer's Disease: An Initial Assessment," Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 10, 391-397 (2006).

372. V. Smuleac, D.A. Butterfield, and D. Bhattacharyya, "Layer-by-Layer Assembled Microfiltration Membranes for Biomolecule Immobilization and Enzymatic Catalysis," Langmuir 22, 10118-10124 (2006).

371. P. Jungsuwadee, M. P. Cole, R. Sultana, G. Joshi, J. Tanpong, D.A. Butterfield, D.K. St. Clair, and M. Vore, "Increase in Mrp1 Expression and HNE Adduction in Heart Tissue of Adriamycin-Treated C57BL/6 Mice," Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 5, 2851-60 (2006).

370. M.A. Ansari, G. Joshi, Q. Huang, W.O. Opii, H. Mohmmad Abdul, R. Sultana, and D.A. Butterfield, "In Vivo Administration of D609 Leads to Protection of Subsequently Isolated Gerbil Brain Mitochondria Subjected to In Vitro Oxidative Stress Induced by Amyloid Beta-Peptide and Other Oxidative Stressors: Relevance to Alzheimer's Disease and Other Oxidative Stress-Related Neurodegenerative Disorders," Free Radial Biology & Medicine 41, 1694-1703 (2006).

369. Y. Chen, C. Daosukho, W.O. Opii, D.N. Turner, W.M. Pierce, J.B. Klein, M. Vore, D.A. Butterfield, and D.K. St. Clair, "Redox Proteomics Identification of Oxidized Cardiac Proteins in Adriamycin-Treated Mice," Free Radic. Biol. Med. 41, 1470-1477 (2006).

368. R. Sultana, D. Boyd-Kimball, H.F. Poon, J. Cai, W. M. Pierce, J.B. Klein, M. Merchant, W.R. Markesbery, and D.A. Butterfield, "Redox Proteomics Identification of Oxidized Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease Hippocampus and Cerebellum: An Approach to Understand Pathological and Biochemical Alterations in AD," Neurobiology of Aging 27, 1564-1576 (2006).

367. J. Steiner, N. Haughey, W. Li, A. Venkatesan, C. Anderson, R. Reid, T. Malpica1, C. Pocernich, D.A. Butterfield, and A. Nath, "Oxidative Stress and Therapeutic Approaches in HIV Dementia," Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 8, 2089-2100 (2006).

366. R. Sultana, M. Perluigi, and D.A. Butterfield, "Protein Oxidation and Lipid Peroxidation in Brain of Subjects with Alzheimer’s Disease: Insights into Mechanism of Neurodegeneration From Redox Proteomics," Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 8, 2021-2037 (2006).

365. V. Calabrese, R. Sultana, G. Scapagnini, E. Guagliano, M. Sapienza, R. Bella, J. Kanski, G. Pennisi, C. Mancuso, A.M. Giuffrida Stella, and D.A. Butterfield, "Nitrosative Stress, Cellular Stress Response, and Thiol Homeostasis in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease," Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 8, 1975-1986 (2006).

364. D.A. Butterfield, "Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Disorders," Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 8, 1971-1974 (2006).

363. D.A. Butterfield, H. Mohmmad Abdul, W. Opii, S.F. Newman, G. Joshi, M. A., Ansari, and R. Sultana, "Pin1 in Alzheimer's Disease," Journal of Neurochemistry 98, 1697-1706 (2006).

362. D.A. Butterfield, M. Perluigi, and R. Sultana, "Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease Brain: New Insights From Redox Proteomics," Eur. J. Pharmacol. 545, 39-50 (2006).

361. D.A. Butterfield and R. Sultana, "Redox Proteomics Analysis of Oxidatively Modified Brain Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease," in Proteomics of Neurodegenerative Disease, T. J. Montine, Ed., Transworld Research Network Publishers, Trivandrum, India, 2006, pp. 95-113.

360. M. Perluigi, G. Joshi, R. Sultana, V. Calabrese, C. De Marco, R. Coccia, C. Cini, and D.A. Butterfield, "In Vivo Protective Effects of Ferulic Acid Ethyl Ester Against Amyloid β-Peptide (1-42)-Induced Oxidative Stress," J. Neuroscience Res. 84, 418-426 (2006).

359. R. Sultana, S.F. Newman, H. Mohmmad-Abdul, J. Cai, W.M. Pierce, J.B. Klein, M. Merchant, and D.A. Butterfield, "Protective Effect of D609 Against Ab(1-42)-Induced Oxidative Modification of Neuronal Proteins: Redox Proteomics Study," J. Neuroscience Res. 84, 409-417 (2006).

358. H. Mohmmad-Abdul, V. Calabrese, M. Calvani, and D.A. Butterfield, "Acetyl-L-Carnitine-Induced Up-Regulation of Heat Shock Proteins Protects Cortical Neurons Against Amyloid-Beta Peptide 1-42-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Neurotoxicity: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease," J. Neuroscience Res. 84, 398-408 (2006).

357. D. Boyd-Kimball, H.F.Poon, B.C. Lynn, J. Cai, W.M. Pierce, Jr., J.B. Klein, J.Ferguson, C.D. Link, and D.A. Butterfield, "Proteomic Identification of Proteins Specifically Oxidized in Caenorhabditis elegans Expressing Human Ab(1-42): Implications for Alzheimer's Disease," Neurobiology of Aging 27, 1239-1249 (2006).

356. D.A. Butterfield, H. Mohmmad Abdul, S. Newman, and T. Reed, "Redox Proteomics in Some Age-Related Neurodegenerative Disorders or Models Thereof," NeuroRx 3, 344-357 (2006).

355. S.J. Chinta, S. Rajagopalan, D.A. Butterfield, and J.K. Andersen, "In Vitro and In Vivo Neuroprotection by (-Glutamylcysteine Ethyl Ester Against MPTP: Relevance to the Role of Glutathione in Parkinson's Disease," Neurosocience Letts. 402, 137-141 (2006).

354. J. Tangpong, M.P. Cole, R. Sultana, G. Joshi, S. Estus, M. Vore, W. St. Clair, S. Ratanachaiyavong, D. St. Clair, and D.A. Butterfield, "Adriamycin-Induced, TNF-a"-Mediated Central Nervous System Toxicity," Neurobiology of Disease 23, 127-139 (2006).

353. K.A. Langer, H.F. Poon, G. Munch, B.C. Lynn, T. Arendt, and D.A. Butterfield, "Identification of AGE-Modified Proteins in SH-SY5Y and OLN-93 Cells," Neurotoxicity Research 9, 255-268 (2006).

352. H.F. Poon, H.M. Shepherd, T.T. Reed, V. Calabrese, A.M. Giuffrida-Stella, G. Pennisi, J. Cai, W.M. Pierce, J.B. Klein, and D.A. Butterfield, "Proteomics Analysis Provides Insight into Caloric Restriction Mediated Oxidation and Expression of Brain Proteins Associated with Age-Related Impaired Cellular Processes: Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Glutamate Dysregulation and Impaired Protein Synthesis," Neurobiology of Aging 27, 1020-1034 (2006).

351. H.F. Poon, R.A. Vaishnav, T.V. Getchell, M.L. Getchell, and D.A. Butterfield, "Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Differential Protein Expression and Oxidative Modification of Specific Proteins in the Brains of Old Mice," Neurobiology of Aging 27, 1010-1019 (2006).

350. R. Sultana, D. Boyd-Kimball, H.F. Poon, J. Cai, W.M. Pierce, J.B. Klein, W.R. Markesbery, X.Z. Zhou, K.P. Lu, and D.A. Butterfield, "Oxidative Modification and Down-Regulation of Pin 1 in Alzheimer's Disease Hippocampus: A Redox Proteomics Analysis," Neurobiology of Aging 27, 918-925 (2006).

349. V. Calabrese, C. Colombrita R. Sultana, G. Scapagnini, M. Calvani, and D.A. Butterfield , "Redox Modulation of Heat Shock Protein Expression by Acetylcarnitine in Aging Brain: Relationship to Antioxidant Status and Mitochondrial Function," Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 8, 404-416 (2006).

348. H.F. Poon, V. Calabrese, M. Calvani, and D.A. Butterfield , "Proteomics Analyses of Specific Protein Oxidation and Protein Expression in Aged Rat Brain and Its Modulation by L-Acetylcarnitine: Insights into the Mechanisms of Action of this Proposed Therapeutic Agent for CNS Disorders Associated with Oxidative Stress,"Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 8, 381-394 (2006).

347. D.A. Butterfield , H.F. Poon, D. St. Clair, J.N. Keller, W.M. Pierce, J.B. Klein, and W.R. Markesbery, "Redox Proteomics Identification of Oxidatively Modified Hippocampal Proteins in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Insights into the Development of Alzheimer's Disease," Neurobiology of Disease 22, 223-232 (2006).

346. R. Sultana, M. Perluigi, and D.A. Butterfield , "Redox Proteomics Identification of Oxidatively Modified Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease Brain and In Vivo and In Vitro Models of AD Centered Around Ab(1-42)," J. Chromatogr. B Anaylt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 833, 3-11 (2006).

345. R. Sultana, H.F. Poon, J. Cai, W.M. Pierce, M. Merchant, J.B. Klein, W.R. Markesbery, and D.A. Butterfield, "Identification of Nitrated Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease Brain Using a Redox Proteomics Approach," Neurobiology of Disease 22, 76-87 (2006).

344. V. Calabrese, D.A. Butterfield, G. Scapagnini, A.M. Giuffrida Stella, and M.D. Maines."Redox Regulation of Heat Shock Protein Expression by Signaling Involving Nitric Oxide and Carbon Monoxide: Relevance to Brain Aging, Neurodegenerative Disorders, and Longevity," Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 8, 444-477 (2006).

343. M. Perluigi, G. Joshi, R. Sultana, V. Calabrese, C. De Marco, R. Coccia, and D.A. Butterfield, " In Vivo Protection by the Xanthate D609 Against Amyloid β-Peptide (1-42)-Induced Oxidative Stress: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease," Neuroscience 138, 1161-1170 (2006).

342. D.A. Butterfield, T. Reed, M. Perluigi, C. De Marco, R. Coccia, C. Cini, and R. Sultana, "Elevated Protein-Bound Levels of the Lipid Peroxidation Product, 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal, in Brain From Persons with Mild Cognitive Impairment," Neuroscience Letts. 397, 170-173 (2006).

341. D. Ranjan, C. Chen, T.D. Johnston, H. Jeon, M. Ibrahim, J. Drake, and D.A. Butterfield, "Stimulation of Epstein-Barr Virus-Infected Human B Cell Growth by Physiological Concentrations of 4-Hydroxynonenal," Cell Biochem. Funct. 24, 147-152 (2006).

340. O. Bartov, R. Sultana, D.A. Butterfield, and D. Atlas, "Low Molecular Weight Thiol Amides Attenuate MAPK Activity and Protect Primary Neurons From Ab(1-42) Toxicity," Brain Research 1069, 198-206 (2006).

339. D.A. Butterfield, R. Sultana, and H. F. Poon, "Redox Proteomics: A New Approach to Investigate Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease," in Redox Proteomics: From Protein Modifications to Cellular Dysfunction and Diseases, (I. Dalle-Donne, A. Scaloni and D. A. Butterfield, Eds.), Wiley Press, New York, 2006, pp. 563-603.

338. I. Dalle-Donne, A. Scaloni, and D.A. Butterfield, Eds., Redox Proteomics: From Protein Modifications to Cellular Dysfunction and Diseases , Wiley Press, New York (2006).

337. H. Mohmmad-Abdul, R. Sultana, J.N. Keller, D.K. St. Clair, W.R. Markesbery, and D.A. Butterfield, "Mutations in Amyloid Precursor Protein and Presenilin-1 Genes Increase the Basal Oxidative Stress in Murine Neuronal Cells and Lead to Increased Sensitivity to Oxidative Stress Mediated by Amyloid β-Peptide (1-42), H 2O 2 and Kainic Acid: Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease," Journal of Neurochemistry 96, 1322-1335 (2006).

336. G. Joshi, M. Perluigi, R. Sultana, R. Agrippino, V. Calabrese, and D.A. Butterfield, " In Vivo Protection of Synaptosomes by Ferulic Acid Ethyl Ester (FAEE) From Oxidative Stress Mediated by 2,2-Azobis (2-Amidino-propoane) Dihyrochloride (AAPH) or Fe 2+/H 2O 2: Insight into Mechanisms of Neuroprotection and Relevance to Oxidative Stress Related Neurodegenerative Disorders," Neurochemistry International 48, 318-327 (2006).

335. V. Calabrese, M. Calvani, A.M. Giuffrida Stella, and D.A. Butterfield, "Acetylcarnitine and Cellular Stress Response: Roles in Nutrition Redox Homeostasis and Regulation of Longevity Genes,"J. Nutritional Biochemistry 17, 73-88 (2006).

334. D.A. Butterfield, H.F. Poon, and R. Sultana, "Proteomic Identification of Oxidatively Modified Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease Brain and Models Thereof: Insights into Potential Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration," in Oxidative Stress and Age-Related Neurodegeneration , (Y. Luo and L. Packer, Eds.), CRC Press/Taylor and Francis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 1-25 (2006).

333. M. Perluigi, H.F. Poon, W. Maragos, W.M. Pierce, J.B. Klein, V. Calabrese, C. Cini, C. De Marco, and D.A. Butterfield, "Proteomic Analysis of Protein Expression and Oxidative Modification in R6/2 Transgenic Mice--A Model of Huntington's Disease," Molecular and Cellular Proteomics 4, 1849-1861 (2005).

332. G. Joshi, R. Sultana, J. Tangpong, M.P. Cole, D.K. St. Clair, M. Vore, S. Estus, and D.A. Butterfield, "Free Radical Mediated Oxidative Stress and Toxic Side Effects in Brain Induced by the Anti Cancer Drug Adriamycin: Insight into Chemobrain,"Free Radical Research 39, 1147-1154 (2005).

331. C.B. Pocernich, R. Sultana, H. Mohmmad Abdul, A. Nath, and D.A. Butterfield, "HIV-Dementia, Tat-Induced Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Therapeutic Considerations," Brain Res. Rev. 50, 14-26 (2005).

330. D.A. Butterfield and H.F. Poon, "The Senescence-Accelerated Prone Mouse (SAMP8): A Model of Age-Related Cognitive Decline with Relevance to Alterations of the Gene Expression and Protein Abnormalities in Alzheimer's Disease," Experimental Gernontology 40, 774-783 (2005).

329. V. Calabrese, C. Colombrita, E. Guagliano, M. Sapienza, A. Ravagna, V. Cardile, G. Scapagnini, A.M. Santoro, A. Mangiameli, D.A. Butterfield, A.M. Giuffrida Stella, and E. Rizzarelli, "Protective Effect of Carnosine During Nitrosative Stress in Astroglial Cell Cultures," Neurochemical Research 30, 797-807 (2005).

328. Y. Zhu, G. Jones, S. Tsutsui, W. Opii, S. Liu, C. Silva, D.A. Butterfield, and C. Power, "Lentivirus Infection Causes Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Injury in Dorsal Root Ganglia: Pathogenic Effects of STAT-1 and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase,"J. Immunology 175, 1118-1126 (2005).

327. V. Calabrese, R. Lodi, C. Tonon, A. Ravagna, M. Sapienza, C. Colombrita, G. Scapagnini, and D.A. Butterfield, "Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Cellular Stress Response in Friedreich's Ataxia," J. Neurol. Sci. 233, 145-162 (2005).

326. H.F. Poon, S.A. Farr, W.A. Banks, W.M. Pierce, J.B. Klein, J.E. Morley, and D.A. Butterfield, "Proteomic Identification of Brain Proteins in Aged Senescence Accelerated Mice That Have Decreased Oxidative Modification Following Administration of Antisense Oligonucleiotide Directed at the Ab Region of Amyloid Precursor Protein," Molecular Brain Res. 138, 8-16 (2005).

325. H.F. Poon, K. Hensley, V. Thongboonkerd, M.L. Merchant, B.C. Lynn, W.M. Pierce, J.B. Klein, V. Calabrese, and D.A. Butterfield, "Redox Proteomics Analysis of Oxidatively Modified Proteins in G93A-SOD1 Transgenic Mice-A Model of Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis," Free Radical Biology & Medicine 39, 453-462 (2005).

324. H.F. Poon, R.A. Vaishnav, D.A. Butterfield, M.L. Getchell, and T.V. Getchell, "Proteomic Identification of Differentially Expressed Proteins in the Aging Murine Olfactory System and Transcriptional Analysis of the Associated Genes,"J. Neurochemistry 94, 380-392 (2005).

323. H. Mohmmad Abdul, and D.A. Butterfield, "Protection Against Amyloid Beta-Peptide (1-42)-Induced Loss of Phospholipid Asymmetry in Synaptosomal Membranes by Tricyclodecan-9-xanthogenate (D609) and Ferulic Acid Ethyl Ester: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease," Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1741, 140-148 (2005).

322. D. Boyd-Kimball, A. Castegna, R. Sultana, H.F. Poon, R. Petroze, B.C. Lynn, J.B. Klein, and D.A. Butterfield, "Proteomic Identification of Proteins Oxidized by Ab(1-42) in Synaptosomes: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease," Brain Research 1044, 206-215 (2005).

321. V. Smuleac, D.A. Butterfield, S.K. Sikdar, R.S. Varma, and D. Bhattacharyya, "Polythiol Functionalized Alumina Membranes for Mercury Capture," J. Membrane Sci. 251, 169-178 (2005).

320. J.N. Keller, F.A. Schmitt, S.W. Scheff, Q. Ding, Q. Chen, D.A. Butterfield, and W.R. Markesbery, "Evidence of Increased Oxidative Damage in Subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment," Neurology 64, 1152-1156 (2005).

319. D. Boyd-Kimball, R. Sultana, H.F. Poon, B.C. Lynn, F. Casamenti, G. Pepeu, J.B. Klien, and D.A. Butterfield, "Proteomic Identification of Proteins Specifically Oxidized by Intracerebral Injection of Ab(1-42) into Rat Brain: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease," Neuroscience 132, 313-324 (2005).

318. G. Joshi, R. Sultana, M. Perluigi, and D.A. Butterfield, " In Vivo Protection of Synaptosomes From Oxidative Stress Mediated by Fe 2+/H 2O 2 or 2,2-Azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) by the Glutathione Mimetic Tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate (D609)," Free Radical Biology & Medicine 38, 1023-1031 (2005).

317. H.F. Poon, M. Frasier, N. Shreve, V. Calabrese, B. Wolozin, and D.A. Butterfield, "Mitochondrial Associated Metabolic Proteins are Selectively Oxidized in A30P "a-Synuclein Mice - A Model of Familial Parkinson's Disease," Neurobiology of Disease 18, 492-498 (2005).

316. M. Perluigi, H.F. Poon, K. Hensley, W.M. Pierce, J.B. Klein, V. Calabrese, C. DeMarco, and D.A. Butterfield,"Proteomic Analysis of 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal-Modified Proteins in G93A-SOD1 Transgenic Mice - A Model of Familial Amytrophic Lateral Sclerosis," Free Radical Biology & Medicine 38, 960-968 (2005).

315. D. Boyd-Kimball, R. Sultana, H. Mohmmad-Abdul, and D.A. Butterfield, "Neurotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in D1M-Substituted Alzheimer’s Ab(1-42): Relevance to N-Terminal Methionine Chemistry in Small Model Peptides," Peptides 26, 665-673 (2005).

314. D. Boyd-Kimball, R. Sultana, H.F. Poon, H. Mohammad-Abdul, B.C. Lynn, J.B. Klein, and D.A. Butterfield, " (y-Glutamylcysteine Ethyl Ester Protection From Ab(1-42)-Mediated Oxidative Stress in Neuronal Cells: A Proteomics Approach," J. Neuroscience Res. 79, 707-713 (2005).

313. D. Boyd-Kimball, R. Sultana, H. Mohammad-Abdul, and D.A. Butterfield, " y-Glutamylcysteine Ethyl Ester Induced Upregulation of Glutathione Protects Neurons Against Ab(1-42)-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Neurotoxicity: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease," J. Neuroscience Res. 79, 700-706 (2005).

312. C.B. Pocernich, D. Boyd-Kimball, H.F. Poon, V. Thongboonkerd, B.C. Lynn, J.B. Klein, V. Calabrese, A. Nath, and D.A. Butterfield, "Proteomics Analysis of Human Astrocytes Expressing the HIV Protein Tat,"Molec. Brain Res. 133, 307-316 (2005).

311. C.B. Pocernich, H.F. Poon, D. Boyd-Kimball, B.C. Lynn, A. Nath, J.B. Klein, and D.A. Butterfield, "Proteomics Analysis of Oxidatively Modifed Proteins Induced by the Mitochondrial Toxin 3-Nitropropionic Acid in Human Astrocytes Expressing the HIV Protein Tat," Molec. Brain Res. 133, 299-306 (2005).

310. V. Calabrese, A. Ravagna, C. Colombrita, E. Guagliano, G. Tomaselli, A.M. Giuffrida Stella, M. Calvani, and D.A. Butterfield, "Acetylcarnitine Induces Heme Oxygenase in Rat Astrocytes and Protects Against Oxidative Stress: Involvement of the Transcription Factor Nrf2," J. Neurosci. Res. 79, 509-521 (2005).

309. R. Sultana, A. Ravagna, H. Mohmmad-Abdul, V. Calabrese, and D.A. Butterfield, "Ferulic Acid Ethyl Ester Protects Neurons Against Amyloid β-Peptide (1-42)-Induced Oxidative Stress and Neurotoxicity: Relationship to Antioxidant Activity," J. Neurochemistry 92, 749-758 (2005).

308. D.A. Butterfield and D. Boyd-Kimball, "The Critical Role of Methionine 35 in Alzheimer's Amyloid β-Peptide (1-42)-Induced Oxidative Stress and Neurotoxicity," Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1703, 149-156 (2005).

307. H.F. Poon, S.A. Farr, V. Thongboonkerd, B.C. Lynn, W.A. Banks, J.E. Morley, J.B. Klein, and D.A. Butterfield, "Proteomic Analysis of Specific Brain Proteins in Aged SAMP8 Mice Treated with alpha-Lipoic Acid: Implications for Aging and Age-Related Neurodegenerative Disorders," Neurochemistry International 46, 159-168 (2005).

306. D. Boyd-Kimball, H. Mohmmad Abdul, T. Reed, R. Sultana, and D.A. Butterfield, "Role of Phenylalanine 20 in Alzheimer's Amyloid β-Peptide (1-42)-Induced Oxidative Stress and Neurotoxicity," Chem. Res. Toxicol. 17, 1743-1749 (2004).

305. R. Sultana and D.A. Butterfield, "Oxidatively Modified GST and MRP1 in Alzheimer's Disease Brain: Implications for Accumulation of Reactive Lipid Peroxidation Products," Neurochemical Research 29, 2215-2220 (2004).

304. V. Calabrese, M. Calvani, and D.A. Butterfield, "Increased Formation of Short-Chain Organic Acids After Chronic Ethanol Administration and Its Interaction With the Carnitine Pool in Rat," Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 431, 271-278 (2004).

303. M. Brito, D. Brites, and D.A. Butterfield, "A Link Between Hyperbilirubinemia, Oxidative Stress, and Injury to Neocortical Synaptosomes," Brain Research 1026, 33-43 (2004).

302. D. Boyd-Kimball, R. Sultana, H. Mohmmad-Abdul, and D.A. Butterfield, "Rodent Ab(1-42) Exhibits Oxidative Stress Properties Similar to Those of Human Aβ(1-42): Implications for Proposed Mechanisms of Toxicity," Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 6, 515-525 (2004).

301. D.A. Butterfield and D. Boyd-Kimball, "Proteomics Analysis in Alzheimer's Disease: New Insights Into Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration," International Rev. Neurobiol. 61, 159-188 (2004).

300. D.A. Butterfield and D. Boyd-Kimball, "Amyloid β-Peptide(1-42) Contributes to the Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Found in Alzheimer's Disease Brain," Brain Pathology 14, 426-432 (2004).

299. H. Mohmmad Abdul, G.L. Wenk, M. Gramling, B. Hauss-Wegrzyniak, and D.A. Butterfield, "APP and PS-1 Mutations Induce Brain Oxidative Stress Independent of Dietary Cholesterol: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease," Neurosci. Lett. 368, 148-150 (2004).

298. J.M. Antony, G. van Marle, W. Opii,D.A. Butterfield, F. Mallet, V.W. Yong, J.L. Wallace, R.M. Deacon, K. Warren, and C. Power, "Human Endogenous Retrovirus Glycoprotein-Mediated Induction of Redox Reactants Causes Oligodendrocyte Death and Demyelination," Nature Neuroscience 7, 1088-1095 (2004).

297. V. Smuleac, D.A. Butterfield, and D. Bhattacharyya, "Permeability and Separation Characteristics of Polypeptide Functionalized Polycarbonate Track-Etched Membranes," Chemistry of Materials 16, 2762-2771 (2004).

296. V. Calabrese, A.M. Giuffrida Stella, D.A. Butterfield, and G. Scapagnini, "Redox Regulation in Neurodegeneration and Longevity: Role of Heme Oxgenase and HSP70 Systems in Brain Stress Tolerance," Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 6, 895-913 (2004).

295. H.F. Poon, G. Joshi, R. Sultana, S.A. Farr, W.A. Banks, J.E. Morley, V. Calabrese, and D.A. Butterfield, "Antisense Directed at the A b Region of APP Decreases Brain Oxidative Markers in Aged Senescence Accelerated Mice," Brain Research 1018, 86-96 (2004).

294. C.B. Pocernich, R. Sultana, E. Hone, J. Turchan, R.N. Martins, V. Calabrese, A. Nath, and D.A. Butterfield, "Effects of Apolipoprotein E on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protein Tat in Neuronal Cultures and Synaptosomes,"J. Neurosci. Res. 77, 532-539 (2004).

293. V. Calabrese, D. Boyd-Kimball, G. Scapagnini, and D.A. Butterfield, "Nitric Oxide and Cellular Stress Response in Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders: The Role of Vitagenes," In Vivo 18, 245-268 (2004).

292. G. Scapagnini, D.A. Butterfield, C. Colombrita, R. Sultana, A. Pascale, and V. Calabrese, "Ethyl Ferulate, a Lipophilic Polyphenol, Induces HO-1 and Protects Rat Neurons Against Oxidative Stress," Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 6, 811-818 (2004).

291. H.F. Poon, A. Castegna, S.A. Farr, V. Thongboonkerd, B.C. Lynn, W.A. Banks, J.E. Morley, J.B. Klein, and D.A. Butterfield, "Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Specific Protein Expression and Oxidative Modification in Aged SAMP8 Mouse Brain," Neuroscience 126, 915-926 (2004).

290. H.F. Poon, V. Calabrese, G. Scapagnini, and D.A. Butterfield, "Free Radicals in Brain Aging," Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 20, 329-359 (2004).

289. D.A. Butterfield and A.I. Bush, "Alzheimer's Amyloid β-Peptide (1-42): Involvement of Methionine Residue 35 in the Oxidative Stress and Neurotoxicity Properties of This Peptide," Neurobiology of Aging 25, 563-568 (2004).

288. D.A. Butterfield, "Oxidative Stress in Animal Models of Accelerated Aging, Alzheimer's Disease and Huntington's Disease," Frontiers of Medicinal Chemistry 1, 385-397 (2004).

287. R. Sultana, S. Newman, H. Mohmmad-Abdul, J.N. Keller, and D.A. Butterfield, "Protective Effect of the Xanthate, D609, on Alzheimer's Amyloid β-Peptide (1-42)-Induced Oxidative Stress in Primary Neuronal Cells," Free Radical Research 38, 449-458 (2004).

286. H.F. Poon, V. Calabrese, G. Scapagnini, and D.A. Butterfield, "Free Radicals: Key to Brain Aging and Heme Oxygenase as a Cellular Response to Oxidative Stress," J. Gerontology 59, 478-493 (2004).

285. B. Downie, L.M.A. Dirk, Q. Xu, J. Drake, D. Zhang, M. Dutt, A. Levy, D.A. Butterfield, R.R. Geneve, J.W. Corum, III, K.G. Lindstrom, and J.C. Snyder, "A Physical, Enzymatic, and Genetic Characterization of Perturbations in the Seeds of the Brownseed Tomato Mutants," J. Exp. Bot. 55, 961-973 (2004).

284. W.F. Maragos, K.L. Young, C.S. Altman, C.B. Pocernich, J. Drake, D.A. Butterfield, I. Seif, D. P. Holschneider, K. Chen, and J. C. Shih, "Striatal Damage and Oxidative Stress Induced by the Mitochondrial Toxin Malonate are Reduced in Clorgyline-Treated Rats and MAO-A Deficient Mice," Neurochemical Res. 29, 741-746 (2004).

283. D.A. Butterfield, "Insights into Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration," Innovation, 4, 46-47 (2004).

282. V. Calabrese, G. Scapagnini, A. Ravagna, C. Colombrita, F. Spadaro, D.A. Butterfield, and A.M. Giuffrida-Stella, "Increased Expression of Heat Shock Proteins in Rat Brain During Aging: Relationship with Mitochondrial Function and Glutathione Redox State," Mech. Ageing Develop. 125, 325-335 (2004).

281. A. Castegna, C.M. Lauderback, H. Mohmmad-Abdul, and D.A. Butterfield, "Modulation of Phospholipid Asymmetry in Synaptosomal Membranes by the Lipid Peroxidation Products, 4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) and Acrolein: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease," Brain Research 1004, 193-197 (2004).

280. D.A. Butterfield, "Proteomics: A New Approach to Investigate Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease Brain," Brain Research 1000, 1-7 (2004).

279. J. Drake, R. Petroze, A. Castegna, Q. Ding, J.N. Keller, W.R. Markesbery, M.A. Lovell, and D.A. Butterfield, "4-Hydroxynonenal Oxidatively Modifies Histones: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease," Neuroscience Lett. 356, 155-158 (2004).

278. A. Castegna, V. Thongboonkerd, J. Klein, B.C. Lynn, Y.L. Wang, H. Osaka, K. Wada, and D.A. Butterfield, "Proteomic Analysis of Brain Proteins in the Gracile Axonaly Dystrophy (gad) Mouse, a Syndrome that Emanates From Dysfunctional Uquiquitin Carboxyl-Terminal Hydrolase L-1, Reveals Oxidation of Key Proteins," Journal of Neurochemistry 88, 1540-1546 (2004).

277. D.A. Butterfield, "The Glutamatergic System in Alzheimer's Disease Brain: Dysfunction Associated with Amyloid β-Peptide and Oxidative Stress," in Excitotoxicity in Neurological Diseases, C. Ferrarese and M. F. Beal, Eds., Kluwer Academic Publishes, Boston, 2004, pp. 251-262

276. V. Calabrese, D.A. Butterfield, and A.M. Giuffrida-Stella, "Nutritional Antioxidants and the Heme Oxygenase Pathway of Stress Tolerance: Novel Targets for Neuroprotection in Alzheimer's Disease," Italian J. Biochem. 52, 177-181 (2003).

275. V. Calabrese, G. Scapagnini, C. Colombrita, A. Ravagna, G. Pennisi, A.M. Giuffrida-Stella, F. Galli, and D.A. Butterfield, "Redox Regulation of Heat Shock Protein Expression in Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders Associated with Oxidative Stress: A Nutritional Approach," Amino Acids 25, 437-444 (2003).

274. J. Drake, R. Sultana, M. Aksenova, V. Calabrese, and D.A. Butterfield, "Elevation of Mitochondrial Glutathione by ( y-Glutamylcysteine Ethyl Ester Protects Mitochondria Against Peroxynitrite-Induced Oxidative Stress,"J. Neuroscience Res. 74, 917-927 (2003).

273. D.A. Butterfield, and A. Castegna, "Proteomics for the Identification of Specifically Oxidized Proteins in Brain: Technology and Application to the Study of Neurodegenerative Disorders," Amino Acids 25, 419-425 (2003).

272. V. Calabrese, G. Scapagnini, A. Ravagna, R. Bella, A.M. Giuffrida Stella, M. Calvani, D.A. Butterfield, and G. Pennisi, "Disruption of Thiol Homeostasis and Nitrosative Stress in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Active Multiple Sclerosis: Evidence for a Protective Role of Acetylcarnitine," Neurochemical Research 28, 1321-1328 (2003).

271. A.B. Downie, D. Zhang, L.M.A. Dirk, R.R. Thacker, J.A. Pfeiffer, J.L. Drake, A.A. Levy, D.A. Butterfield, J. W. Buxton, and J. C. Snyder, "Communication Between the Maternal Testa and the Embryo and/or Endosperm Affect Testa Attributes in Tomato," Plant Physiology 133, 145-160 (2003).

270. D.A. Butterfield and A. Castegna, "Proteomic Analysis of Oxidatively Modified Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease Brain: Insights into Neurodegeneration," Cellular and Molecular Biology 49, 747-751 (2003).

269. J. Kanski, R. Sultana, W. Klunk, and D.A. Butterfield, "Antioxidant Activity of X-34 in Synaptosomal and Neuronal Systems," Brain Research 988, 173-179 (2003).

268. D.A. Butterfield and A. Castegna, "Energy Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease Brain: Insights From Proteomics," Applied Genomics and Proteomics, 2, 67-70 (2003).

267. D.A. Butterfield, D. Boyd-Kimball, and A. Castegna, "Proteomics in Alzheimer's Disease: Insights into Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration," J. Neurochemistry 86, 1313-1327 (2003).

266. D.A. Butterfield, "Amyloid β-Peptide [1-42]-Associated Free Radical-Induced Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease Brain: Mechanisms and Consequences," Curr. Med. Chem. 10, 2651-2659 (2003).

265. D.A. Butterfield and D. Bhattacharyya, "Biofunctional Membranes: Site-Specifically Immobilized Enzyme Arrays," in: New Insights Into Membrane Science and Technology: Polymeric and Biofunctional Membranes, D. Bhattacharyya and D. A. Butterfield, Eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2003, pp. 233-240.

264. D. Bhattacharyya and D.A. Butterfield, "New Insights Into Membrane Science and Technology: Polymeric and Biofunctional Membranes," Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2003.

263. Q. Ding, K. Reinacker, E. Dimayuga, V. Nukala, J. Drake, D.A. Butterfield, J. C. Dunn, S. Martin, A.J. Bruce-Keller, and J.N. Keller, "Role of the Proteasome in Protein Oxidation and Neural Viability Following Low-Level Oxidative Stress," FEBS Letters 546, 228-232 (2003).

262. D.A. Butterfield and C.B. Pocernich, "The Glutamatergic System and Alzheimer's Disease: Therapeutic Implications," CNS Drugs 17, 641-652 (2003).

261. A. Castegna, V. Thongboonkerd, J.B. Klein, B. Lynn, W.R. Markesbery, and D.A. Butterfield, "Proteomic Identification of Nitrated Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease Brain,"J. Neurochemistry 85, 1394-1401 (2003).

260. C.B. Pocernich and D.A. Butterfield, "Acrolein Inhibits NADH-Linked Mitochondrial Enzyme Activity: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease," Neurotoxicity Research 5, 515-520 (2003).

259. A. Chauhan, J. Turchan, C. Pocernich, A. Bruce-Keller, S. Roth, D.A. Butterfield, E.O. Major, and A. Nath, "Intracellular Human Immunodeficiency Virus Tat Expression in Astrocytes Promotes Astrocyte Survival But Induces Potent Neurotoxicity at Distant Sites via Axonal Transport,"J. Biol. Chem. 278, 13512-13519 (2003).

258. S.A. Farr, H.F. Poon, D. Dogrukol-Ak, J. Drake, W.A. Banks, E. Eyerman, D.A. Butterfield, and J.E. Moreley, "The Antioxidants" a-Lipoic Acid and N-Acetylcysteine Reverse Memory Impairment and Brain Oxidative Stress in Aged SAMP8 Mice,"Journal of Neurochemistry 84, 1173-1183 (2003).

257. J. Drake, C.D. Link, and D.A. Butterfield, "Oxidative Stress Precedes Fibrillar Deposition of Alzheimer's Disease Amyloid β-Peptide (1-42) in a Transgenic Caenorhabditis Elegans Model," Neurobiology of Aging 24, 415-420 (2003).

256. C.M. Lauderback, J. Drake, D. Zhou, J.M. Hackett, A. Castegna, J. Kanski, M. Tsoras, S. Varadarajan, and D.A. Butterfield, "Derivatives of Xanthic Acid are Novel Antioxidants: Application to Synaptosomes," Free Radical Res. 37, 355-365 (2003).

255. J. Turchan, C.B. Pocernich, C. Gairola, A. Chauhan, G. Schifitto, D.A. Butterfield, S. Buch, O. Narayan, A. Sinai, J. Geiger, J.R. Berger, H. Elford, and A. Nath, "Oxidative Stress in HIV Demented Patients and Protection Ex-Vivo with Novel Antioxidants," Neurology 60, 307-314 (2003).

254. D.A. Butterfield, "Alzheimer's Disease: Free Radicals Run Amok," Drug Discovery & Development 6, 12 (2003).

253. A. Castegna, J. Drake, C. Pocernich, and D.A. Butterfield, "Protein Carbonyl Levels, an Assessment of Protein Oxidation," Apoptosis Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology: Methods in Biological and Oxidative Stress, K. Hensley and R. A. Floyd, Eds., Human Press, Totowa, NJ, 2003, pp. 161-168.

252. D.A. Butterfield, "Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spin Labeling Analysis of Synaptosomal Membrane Protein Oxidation," Apoptosis Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology: Methods in Biological and Oxidative Stress, K. Hensley and R. A. Floyd, Eds., Human Press, Totowa, NJ, 2003, pp. 79-86.

251. V. Calabrese, G. Scapagnini, S. Latteri, C. Colombrita, A. Ravagna, C. Catalano, G. Pennisi, M. Calvani, and D.A. Butterfield, "Long-Term Ethanol Administration Enhances Age-Dependent Modulation of Redox State in Different Brain Regions in the Rat: Protection by Acetyl Carnitine," Int. J. Tissue React. 24, 97-104 (2002).

250. V. Calabrese, G. Scapagnini, S. Jong, D.A. Butterfield, and U. Scapagnini, "Heme Oxygenase, Carbon Monoxide and Cellular Stress Response in the Nervous System: The Good and the Enigmatic," Neurochemistry News 2, 57-60 (2002).

249. D.A. Butterfield, "Amyloid β-Peptide (1-42)-Induced Oxidative Stress and Neurotoxicity: Implications for Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease Brain. A Review," Free Radical Res. 36, 1307-1313 (2002).

248. D.A. Butterfield, C. B. Pocernich and J. Drake, "Elevated Gutathione as a Therapeutic Strategy in Alzheimer's Disease," Drug Development Research 56, 428-437 (2002).

247. D.A. Butterfield, J. Colvin, J. Liu, J. Wang, L. Bachas, and D. Bhattacharyya, "Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spin Label Titration: A Novel Method to Investigate Random and Site-Specific Immobilization of Enzymes onto Polymeric Membranes with Different Properties," Analytica Chimica Acta 470, 29-36 (2002).

246. D.A. Butterfield, A. Castegna, C.M. Lauderback, and J. Drake,"Review: Evidence that Amyloid Beta-Peptide-Induced Lipid Peroxidation and Its Sequelae in Alzheimer's Disease Brain Contributes to Neuronal Death," Neurobiology of Aging 23, 655-664 (2002).

245. D.A. Butterfield, S. Griffin, G. Munch, and G.M. Pasinetti, "Amyloid β-Peptide and Amyloid Pathology are Central to the Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Cascades Under Which Alzheimer's Disease Brain Exists," J. Alzheimer's Disease 4, 193-201 (2002).

244. A. Castegna, M. Aksenov, M. Aksenova, V. Thongboonkerd, J.B. Klein, W.M. Pierce, R. Booze, W.R. Markesbery, and D.A. Butterfield, "Proteomic Identification of Oxidatively Modified Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease Brain. Part II: Dihydropyrimidinase-Related Protein 2, " a-Enolase, and Heat Shock Cognate 71," J. Neurochemistry 82, 1524-1532 (2002).

243. D.A. Butterfield, A. Castegna, C.B. Pocernich, J. Drake, G. Scapagnini, and V. Calabrese, "Nutritional Approaches to Combat Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease," J. Nutritional Biochemistry 13, 444-461 (2002).

242. D.A. Butterfield and J. Kanski, "Review: Methionine Residue 35 is Critical for the Oxidative Stress and Neurotoxic Properties of Alzheimer's Amyloid β-Peptide 1-42," Peptides 23, 1299-1309 (2002).

241. A. Castegna, M. Aksenov, M. Aksenova, V. Thongboonkerd, J.B. Klein, W.M. Pierce, R. Booze, W.R. Markesbery, and D.A. Butterfield, "Proteomic Identification of Oxidatively Modified Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease Brain. Part I: Creatine Kinase BB, Glutamine Synthase, and Ubiquitin Carboxy-Terminal Hydrolase L-1," Free Radical Biol. & Med. 33, 562-571 (2002).

240. V. Calabrese, G. Scapagnini, A. Ravagna, A.M. Giuffrida Stella, and D.A. Butterfield, "Molecular Chaperones and Their Roles in Neural Cell Differentiation," Developmental Neuroscience 24, 1-13 (2002).

239. D.A. Butterfield, A. Castegna, J. Drake, G. Scapagnini, and V. Calabrese, "Vitamin E and Neurodegenerative Disorders Associated with Oxidative Stress," Nutritional Neuroscience 5, 229-239 (2002).

238. J. Drake, J. Kanski, S. Varadarajan, M. Tsoras, and D.A. Butterfield, "Elevation of Brain Glutathione by ( y-Glutamylcysteine Ethyl Ester Protects Against Peroxynitrite-Induced Oxidative Stress,"J. Neuroscience Res. 68, 776-784 (2002).

237. M.A. LaFontaine, J.W. Geddes, and D.A. Butterfield, "3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Changes in Bilayer Fluidity in Synaptosomal Membranes: Implications for Huntington's Disease," Brain Research 27, 507-511 (2002).

236. J. Kanski, M. Aksenova, and D.A. Butterfield, "The Hydrophobic Environment of Met35 of Alzheimer's Aβ(1-42) is Important for the Neurotoxic and Oxidative Properties of the Peptide," Neurotoxicity Research 4, 219-223 (2002).

235. J. Kanski, M. Aksenova, A. Stoyanova, and D.A. Butterfield, "Ferulic Acid Antioxidant Protection Against Hydroxyl and Peroxyl Radical Oxidation in Synaptosomal and Neuronal Cell Culture Systems In Vitro : Structure-Activity Studies," J. Nutritional Biochem. 13, 273-281 (2002).

234. J. Kanski, M. Aksenova, C. Schoneich, and D.A. Butterfield, "Substitution of Isoleucine-31 by Helical-Breaking Proline Abolishes Oxidative Stress and Neurotoxic Properties of Alzheimer's Amyloid β-Peptide (1-42)," Free Radical Biol. & Med. 32, 1205-1211 (2002).

233. D.A. Butterfield and C.M. Lauderback, "Lipid Peroxidation and Protein Oxidation in Alzheimer's Disease Brain: Potential Causes and Consequences Involving Amyloid β-Peptide-Associated Free Radical Oxidative Stress," Free Radical Biol. & Med. 32, 1050-1060 (2002).

232. M. Aksenova, D.A. Butterfield, S. Zhang, M. Underwood, and J.W. Geddes, "Increased Protein Oxidation and Decreased Creatine Kinase BB Expression and Activity Following Spinal Cord Contusion Injury,"J. Neurotrauma 19, 491-502 (2002).

231. J. Kanski, S. Varadarajan, M. Aksenova, and D.A. Butterfield, "Role of Glycine-33 and Methionine-35 in Alzheimer's Amyloid β-Peptide 1-42-Associated Oxidative Stress and Neurotoxicity," Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1586, 190-198 (2002).

230. M.A. LaFontaine, M.P. Mattson, and D.A. Butterfield, "Oxidative Stress in Synaptosomal Proteins From Mutant Presenilin-1 Knock-In Mice: Implications for Familial Alzheimer's Disease," Neurochemical Research 27, 417-421 (2002).

229. C.M. Lauderback, J. Kanski, J.M. Hackett, N. Maeda, M. S. Kindy, and D.A. Butterfield, "Apolipoprotein E Modulates Alzheimer's Aβ(1-42)-Induced Oxidative Damage to Synaptosomes in an Allele-Specific Manner," Brain Research 924, 90-97 (2002).

228. D.A. Butterfield, J. Drake, C. Pocernich, and A. Castegna, "Evidence of Oxidative Damage in Alzheimer's Disease Brain: Central Role of Amyloid β-Peptide," Trends Molecular Med. 7, 548-554 (2001).

227. J. Kanski, J. Drake, M. Aksenova, L. Engman, and D.A. Butterfield, "Antioxidant Activity of the Organotellurium Compound 3-[4-( N , N -Dimethylamino)benzenetellurenyl]-propanesulfonic Acid Against Oxidative Stress in Synaptosomal Membrane Systems and Neuronal Cultures," Brain Research 911, 12-21 (2001).

226. C.B. Pocernich, A.L. Cardin, C.L. Racine, C.M. Lauderback, and D.A. Butterfield, "Glutathione Elevation and Its Protective Role in Acrolein-Induced Protein Damage in Synaptosomal Membranes: Relevance to Brain Lipid Peroxidation in Neurodegenerative Disease," Neurochem. International 39, 141-149 (2001).

225. D. Zhou, C.M. Lauderback, T. Yu, S.A. Brown,D.A. Butterfield, and J. S. Thompson, "D609 Inhibits Ionizing Radiation-Induced Oxidative Damage by Acting as a Potent Antioxidant," J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeutics 298, 103-109 (2001).

224. C.M. Lauderback, J.M. Hackett, F.F. Huang, J.N. Keller, L.I. Szweda, W.R. Markesbery, and D.A. Butterfield, "The Glial Glutamate Transporter, GLT-1, is Oxidatively Modified by 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal in the Alzheimer's Disease Brain: Role of Ab 1-42," J. Neurochemistry 78, 413-416 (2001).

223. S. Varadarajan, J. Kanski, M. Aksenova, C. Lauderback, and D.A. Butterfield, "Different Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress and Neurotoxicity for Alzheimer's Aβ(1-42) and Ab(25-35)," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123, 5625-5631 (2001).

222. D.A. Butterfield, B.J. Howard, and M.A. La Fontaine, "Brain Oxidative Stress in Animal Models of Accelerated Aging and the Age-Related Neurodegenerative Disorders, Alzheimer's Disease and Huntington's Disease," Current Medicinal Chemistry 8, 815-828 (2001).

221. D.A. Butterfield and J. Kanski, "Brain Protein Oxidation in Age-Related Neurodegenerative Disorders that are Associated with Aggregated Proteins," Mech. Ageing Develop. 122, 945-962 (2001).

220. M.Y. Aksenov, M.V. Aksenova, D.A. Butterfield, J.W. Geddes, and W.R. Markesbery, "Protein Oxidation in the Alzheimer's Disease Brain: Analysis of Protein Carbonyls by Immunocytochemistry and Two-Dimensional Western Blotting," Neuroscience 103, 373-383 (2001).

219. C.M. Lauderback, J.M. Hackett, J.N. Keller, S. Varadarajan, L. Sweda, M. Kindy, W.R. Markesbery, and D.A. Butterfield, "Vulnerability of Synaptosomes From Apoe Knock-Out Mice to Structural and Oxidative Modifications Induced by Aβ(1-40): Implications for Alzheimer's Disease," Biochemistry 40, 2548-2554 (2001).

218. S.M. Yatin, M. Yatin, S. Varadarajan, K.B. Ain, and D.A. Butterfield, "Role of Spermine and Amyloid β-Peptide (1-42) Associated Free Radical Induced Neurotoxicity," J. Neurosci. Res. 63, 395-401 (2001).

217. J. Kanski, C. Lauderback, and D.A. Butterfield, "5-Aminosalicylic Acid Protection Against Oxidative Damage to Synaptosomal Membranes by Alkoxyl Radicals in vitro," Neurochem. Res. 26, 23-29 (2001).

216. D.A. Butterfield, D. Bhattacharyya, S. Daunert, and L.G. Bachas, "Catalytic Biofunctional Membranes Containing Site-Specifically Immobilized Enzyme Arrays," J. Membrane Sci. 181, 29-37 (2001).

215. G.T. Wondrak, S. Varadarajan, D.A. Butterfield, and M.K. Jacobson, "Formation of a Protein-Bound Pyrazinium Free Radical Cation During Glycation of Histone H1," Free Radical Biology & Medicine 29, 557-567 (2000).

214. M.A. La Fontaine, J.W. Geddes, A. Banks, and D.A. Butterfield, "Effect of Exogenous and Endogenous Antioxidants on 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced In-Vivo Oxidative Stress and Striatal Lesions: Insights into Huntington's Disease," J. Neurochem. 75, 1709-1715 (2000).

213. W.F. Maragos, R. Jakel, D. Chesnut, C.B. Pocernich, D.A. Butterfield, D. St. Clair, and W.A. Cass, "Methamphetamine Toxicity is Attenuated in Mice that Overexpress Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase," Brain Res. 878, 218-222 (2000).

212. G. Liu, Y.L. Xiong, and D.A. Butterfield, "Chemical, Physical, and Gel-Forming Properties of Oxidized Myofibrillar, Whey, and Soy Protein Isolates," J. Food Sci. 65, 811-818 (2000).

211. S. Varadarajan, S. Yatin, M. Aksenova, and D.A. Butterfield, "Review: Alzheimer's Amyloid β-Peptide-Associated Free Radical Oxidative Stress and Neurotoxicity," J. Struct. Biol. 130, 184-208 (2000).

210. S.M. Yatin, S. Varadarajan, and D.A. Butterfield, "Vitamin E Prevents Alzheimer's Amyloid β-Peptide (1-42)-Induced Protein Oxidation and Reactive Oxygen Species Formation," Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2, 123-131 (2000).

209. C.M. Lauderback, A.M. Breier, J. Hackett, S. Varadarajan, J. Goodlett-Mercer, and D.A. Butterfield, "The Pyrrolopyrimidine U101033E is a Potent Free Radical Scavenger and Prevents Fe(II)-Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Synaptosomal Membranes," Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1501, 149-161 (2000).

208. Z.-H. Guo, A. Ersoz, D.A. Butterfield, and M. P. Mattson, "Beneficial Effects of Dietary Restriction on Cerebral Cortical Synaptic Terminals: Preservation of Glucose Transport and Mitochondrial Function Following Oxidative and Metabolic Insults,"J. Neurochemistry 75, 314-320 (2000).

207. M. Aksenov, M. Aksenova, D.A. Butterfield, and W.R. Markesbery, "Oxidative Modification of Creatine Kinase BB in Alzheimer's Disease Brain," J. Neurochemistry 74, 2520-2527 (2000).

206. J.N. Keller, C.M. Lauderback, D.A. Butterfield, M.S. Kindy, and W.R. Markesbery, "Amyloid β-Peptide Effects on Synaptosomes From Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice,"J. Neurochem. 74, 1579-1586 (2000).

205. S. Varadarajan, S. Yatin, and D.A. Butterfield, "Alzheimer's Amyloid β-Peptide (1-42) Fibrils Are Not Always Toxic," Alzheimer's Reports 3, 71-76 (2000).

204. D.A. Butterfield, "Alzheimer’s Amyloid β-Peptide-Associated Oxidative Stress: Brain Membrane Lipid Peroxidation and Protein Oxidation," in Membrane Structure in Disease and Drug Therapy, G. Zimmer, Ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, 2000, pp. 335-352.

203. M.A. La Fontaine, J.W. Geddes, A. Banks, and D.A. Butterfield, "3-Nitropropionic Acid Induced In-Vivo Protein Oxidation in Striatal and Cortical Synaptosomes: Insights into Huntington's Disease," Brain Research 858, 356-362 (2000).

202. C.B. Pocernich, M. La Fontaine, and D.A. Butterfield, " In-Vivo Glutathione Elevation Protects Against Hydroxyl Free Radical-Induced Protein Oxidation in Rat Brain," Neurochem. Int. 36, 185-191 (2000).

201. D.A. Butterfield, S.M. Yatin, and C.D. Link, " In-Vitro and In-Vivo Protein Oxidation Induced by Alzheimer's Disease Amyloid β-Peptide (1-42)," Ann.N.Y. Acad. Sci. 893, 265-268 (1999).

200. D.A. Butterfield, S. Varadarajan, M. Aksenova, C. Link, and S.M. Yatin, "On Methionine and Alzheimer's Amyloid β-Peptide (1-42)-Induced Oxidative Stress," Neurobiology of Aging 20, 339-342 (1999).

199. S.M. Yatin, C.D. Link, and D.A. Butterfield, " In-Vitro and In-Vivo Oxidative Stress Associated with Alzheimer’s Amyloid β-Peptide (1-42)," Neurobiology of Aging 20, 325-330 (1999).

198. S.P. Gabbita, J.M. Carney, and D.A. Butterfield, "Effects of Brain Mitochondrial Metabolism, Aging, and Caloric Restriction on Membrane Lipids and Proteins," in Mitochondrial Inhibitors and Neurodegenerative Disorders, P. R. Sanberg, H. Nishino and C. V. Borlongan, Eds., Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ, 1999, pp. 177-200.

197. S. Varadarajan, S. Yatin, J. Kanski, F. Jahanshaki, and D.A. Butterfield, "Methionine Residue 35 Is Important In Amyloid β-Peptide-Associated Free Radical Oxidative Stress," Brain Research Bulletin 50, 133-141 (1999).

196. M. Aksenova, M.Y. Aksenov, W.R. Markesbery, and D.A. Butterfield, "Aging in a Dish: Age-Dependent Changes of Neuronal Surrival, Protein Oxidation, and Creatine Kinase BB Expression in Long-Term Hippocampal Cell Culture," J. Neurosci. Res. 58, 308-317 (1999).

195. D.A. Butterfield, "Amyloid β-Peptide-Associated Free Radical Oxidative Stress and Alzheimer's Disease," in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, K. Iqbal, D. F. Swaab, B. Winblad and H. M. Wisniewski, Eds., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1999, pp. 405-410.

194. D.A. Butterfield, S.M. Yatin, S. Varadarajan, and T. Koppal, "Amyloid β-Peptide-Induced Oxidative Pathways of Cell Death," Methods Enzymology 309, 746-768 (1999).

193. C.M. Lauderback, M.E. Harris-White, Y. Wang, N.W. Pedigo, Jr., J.M. Carney, and D.A. Butterfield, "Amyloid β-Peptide Inhibits Na +-Dependent Glutamate Uptake," Life Sciences 65, 1977-1981 (1999).

192. D.A. Butterfield, B. Howard, S. Yatin, T. Koppal, J. Drake, K. Hensley, M. Aksenov, M. Aksenova, R. Subramaniam, S. Varadarajan, M.E. Harris-White, N.W. Pedigo, Jr., and J.M. Carney, "Elevated Oxidative Stress in Models of Normal Brain Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease," Life Sciences 65, 1883-1892 (1999).

191. S.M. DeAtley, M.Y. Aksenov, M.V. Aksenova, B. Jordan, J.M. Carney, and D.A. Butterfield, "Adriamycin-Induced Changes of Creatine Kinase Activity In Vivo and in Cardiomyocyte Culture," Toxicology 134, 51-62 (1999).

190. D.A. Butterfield, T. Koppal, R. Subramaniam, and S. Yatin," Vitamin E as an Antioxidant/Free Radical Scavenger Against Amyloid β-Peptide-Induced Oxidative Stress in Neocortical Synaptosomal Membranes and Hippocampal Neurons in Culture: Insights into Alzheimer's Disease," Reviews in the Neurosciences 10, 141-149 (1999).

189. J. Kanski, T. Koppal, and D.A. Butterfield, "Investigation of Peroxynitrite Induced Oxidative Stress in Red Blood Cells Monitored by Luminol-Dependent Chemiluminescence," Analyt. Letts. 32, 1183-1192 (1999).

188. S.M. Yatin, M. Aksenova, M. Aksenov, and D.A. Butterfield, "Effect of Transglutaminase on Ab 1-40 Fibril Formation and Neurotoxicity," Alzheimer's Reports 2, 165-170 (1999).

187. T. Koppal, J. Drake, and D.A. Butterfield, " In-Vivo Modulation of Rodent Glutathione and Its Role In Peroxynitrite-Induced Neocortical Synaptosomal Membrane Protein Damage," Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1453, 407-411 (1999).

186. M.Y. Aksenov, H.M. Tucker, P. Nair, S. Estus, M.V. Aksenova, D.A. Butterfield, and W.R. Markesbery, "The Expression of Several Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genes Encoding the Subunits of Electron Transport Chain Enzyme Complexes, Cytochrome c Oxidase and NADH Dehydrogenase, in Different Brain Regions in Alzheimer’s Disease," Neurochem. Res. 24, 767-774 (1999).

185. S.M. Yatin, M. Yatin, T. Aulick, K.B. Ain, and D.A. Butterfield, "Alzheimer’s Amyloid β-Peptide Generated Free Radicals Increase Rat Embryonic Neuronal Polyamine Uptake and ODC Activity: Protective Effect of Vitamin E," Neuroscience Letts. 263, 17-20 (1999).

184. D.A. Butterfield, "Alzheimer's Amyloid β-Peptide and Free Radical Oxidative Stress," in: Reactive Oxygen Species in Biological Systems: An Interdisciplinary Approach, (D. L. Gilbert and C. A. Colton, Eds.), Plenum Press, New York, 1999, pp. 609-638.

183. M.V. Aksenova, M.Y. Aksenov, R.M. Payne, J.Q. Trojanowski, J.M. Carney, D.A. Butterfield, and W.R. Markesbery, "Oxidation of Cytosolic Proteins and Expression of Creatine Kinase BB in Frontal Cortex in Different Neurodegenerative Disorders," Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 10, 158-165 (1999).

182. S.M. DeAtley, M.Y. Aksenov, M.V. Aksenova, B. Harris, R. Hadley, P.C. Harper, J.M. Carney, and D.A. Butterfield, "Antioxidants Protect Against Reactive Oxygen Species Associated with Adriamycin-Treated Cardiomyocytes," Cancer Letters 136, 41-46 (1999).

181. S.M. Yatin, M. Aksenov, and D.A. Butterfield, "The Antioxidant Vitamin E Modulates Amyloid β-Peptide-Induced Creatine Kinase Activity Inhibition and Increased Protein Oxidation: Implications for the Free Radical Hypothesis of Alzheimer’s Disease," Neurochem. Res. 24, 427-435 (1999).

180. T. Koppal, J. Drake, S. Yatin, B. Jordan, S. Varadarajan, L. Bettenhausen, and D.A. Butterfield, "Peroxynitrite-Induced Alterations in Synaptosomal Membrane Proteins: Insight Into Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer’s Disease,"J. Neurochemistry 72, 310-317 (1999).

179. S.M. Yatin, M. Aksenova, M. Aksenov, W.R. Markesbery, T. Aulick, and D.A. Butterfield, "Temporal Relations Between Amyloid β-Peptide-Induced Free Radical Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Toxicity and Neuronal Defensive Responses,"J. Molec. Neuroscience 11, 183-197 (1999).

178. M.Y. Aksenov, H.M. Tucker, P. Nair, M.V. Aksenova, D.A. Butterfield, S. Estus, and W.R. Markesbery, "The Expression of Key Oxidative Stress Handling Genes in Different Brain Regions in Alzheimer’s Disease," J. Molec. Neuroscience 11, 151-154 1998).

177. S. Ganapathi-Desai, D.A. Butterfield, and D. Bhattacharyya, "Kinetics and Active Fraction Determination of a Protease Enzyme Immobilized on Functionalized Membranes: Mathematical Modeling and Experimental Results," Biotechnology Prog. 14, 865-873 (1998).

176. D.A. Butterfield, T. Koppal, B. Howard, R. Subramaniam, N. Hall, K. Hensley, S. Yatin, K. Allen, M. Aksenov, M. Aksenova, and J. Carney, "Structural and Functional Changes in Proteins Induced by Free Radical-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Protective Action of the Antioxidants N-tert-butyl-a-phenylnitrone (PBN) and Vitamin E," Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 854, 448-462 (1998).

175. S. Vishwanath, J. Wang, L.G. Bachas, D.A. Butterfield, and D. Bhattacharyya, "Site-Directed and Random Immobilization of Subtilisin on Functionalized Membranes: Activity Determination in Aqueous and Organic Media," Biotech. & Bioeng. 60, 608-616 (1998).

174. R. Subramaniam, T. Koppal, M. Green, S. Yatin, B. Jordan, and D.A. Butterfield, "The Free Radical Antioxidant Vitamin E Protects Cortical Synaptosomal Membrane Proteins From Amyloid β-Peptide (25-35) Toxicity But Not From Hydroxynonenal Toxicity: Relevance to the Free Radical Hypothesis of Alzheimer's Disease," Neurochem. Res. 23, 1403-1410 (1998).

173. J.G. Begley, D.A. Butterfield, J.N. Keller, T. Koppal, J. Drake, and M.P. Mattson, "Cryopreservation of rat cortical synaptosomes and analysis of glucose and glutamate transporter activities, and itochondrial function," Brain Res., Brain Res. Protocols 3, 76-82 (1998).

172. M.Y. Aksenov, M.V. Aksenova, W.R. Markesbery, and D.A. Butterfield, "Amyloid β-Peptide(1-40) - Mediated Oxidative Stress in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons: Protein Carbonyl Formation, CK BB Expression and the Level of Cu, Zn and Mn SOD mRNA," J. Molec. Neuroscience 10, 181-192 (1998).

171. S.M. DeAtley, M.Y. Aksenov, M.V. Aksenova, J.M. Carney, and D.A. Butterfield, "Adriamycin Induces Protein Oxidation in Erythrocyte Membranes," Pharmacol. Toxicol. 83, 62-68 (1998).

170. S.P. Gabbita, R. Subramaniam, F. Allouch, J.M. Carney, and D.A. Butterfield, "Effects of Mitochondrial Respiratory Stimulation on Membrane Lipids and Proteins: An Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Investigation," Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1372, 163-173 (1998).

169. T. Koppal, R. Subramaniam, J. Drake, M.R. Prasad, and D.A. Butterfield, "Vitamin E Protects Against Amyloid Peptide (25-35)-Induced Changes in Neocortical Synaptosomal Membrane Lipid Structure and Composition," Brain Res. 786, 270-273 (1998).

168. M.N. Aksenova, M.Y. Aksenov, J.M. Carney, and D.A. Butterfield, "Protein Oxidation and Enzyme Activity Decline in Old Brown Norway Rats Are Reduced by Dietary Restriction," Mech. Ageing Develop. 100, 157-168 (1998).

167. A.J. Bruce-Keller, J.G. Begley, W. Fu, D.A. Butterfield, D.E. Bredesen, J.B. Hutchins, K. Hensley, and M.P. Mattson, "Bcl-2 Protects Isolated Plasma and Mitochondrial Membranes Against Lipid Peroxidation Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide and Amyloid β-Peptide,"J. Neurochem. 70, 31-39 (1998).

166. M.Y. Aksenov, M.V. Aksenova, J.M. Carney, and D.A. Butterfield, "Oxidative Modification of Glutamine Synthetase by Amyloid Beta Peptide," Free Radical Res. 27, 267-281 (1997).

165. R. Subramaniam, F. Roediger, B. Jordan, M.P. Mattson, J.N. Keller, G. Waeg, and D.A. Butterfield, "The Lipid Peroxidation Product, 4-Hydroxy-2-Trans-Nonenal, Alters the Conformation of Cortial Synaptosomal Membrane Proteins," J. Neurochem. 69, 1161-1169 (1997).

164. S.P. Gabbita, D.A. Butterfield, and J. Carney, "Neurodegeneration and Potential Antioxidant Based Therapeutic Aproaches," in Mitochondria and Free Radicals in Neurodegenerative Diseases, (M. F. Beal, N. Howell and I. Bodis-Wollner, Eds.), 1997, pp. 497-512.

163. D.A. Butterfield and E.R. Stadtman, "Protein Oxidation Processes in Aging Brain," Adv. Cell Aging Gerontol. 2, 161-191 (1997).

162. S.P. Gabbita, K. Hensley, D.A. Butterfield, and J.M. Carney, "Aging and Caloric Restriction Affect Mitochondrial Respiration and Lipid Membrane Status: An Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Investigation," Free Radical Biology & Medicine 23, 191-201 (1997).

161. D.A. Butterfield, K. Hensley, P. Cole, R. Subramaniam, M. Aksenov, M. Aksenova, P.M. Bummer, B.E. Haley, and J.M. Carney, "Oxidatively-Induced Structural Alteration of Glutamine Synthetase Assessed by Analysis of Spin Labeled Incorporation Kinetics: Relevance to Alzheimer's Disease,"J. Neurochem. 68, 2451-2457 (1997).

160. D.A. Butterfield, R. Subramaniam, P.S. Cole, S. Yatin, K. Hensley, N.C. Hall, and J.M. Carney, "Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Studies of Amyloid β-Peptide- and Ischemia/-Reperfusion-Associated Oxygen Free Radicals and the Membrane Damage They Cause: Relevance to Alzheimer's Disease and Stroke," in Oxygen Radicals and the Disease Process, (C. E. Thomas and B. Kalyanaraman, Eds.), Harwood Academic Publishers, Reading, Great Britain, 1997, pp. 41-64.

159. D.A. Butterfield, "β-Amyloid-Associated Free Radical Oxidative Stress and Neurotoxicity: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease," Chem. Res. Toxicol. 10, 495-506 (1997).

158. D.A. Butterfield, R. Subramaniam, D. Bhattacharyya, S. Viswanath, W. Huang, and L. Bachas, "Biofunctional Membranes: Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Studies of the Active Site Structure of Enzymes Site-Specifically Immobilized onto Polymeric Supports Through Molecular Recognition," Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering Preprints 76, 602-603 (1997).

157. N.C. Hall, J.M. Carney, O.J. Plante, M. Cheng, and D.A. Butterfield, "Effect of 2-Cyclohexene-1-one-Induced Glutathione Diminution on Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Alterations in the Physical State of Brain Synaptosomal Membrane Proteins and Lipids," Neuroscience 77, 283-290 (1997).

156. D.A. Butterfield, B.J. Howard, S. Yatin, K.L. Allen, and J.M. Carney, "Free Radical Oxidation of Brain Proteins in Accelerated Senescence and Its Modulation by N-Tert-Butyl-a-Phenylnitrone," Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 674-678 (1997).

155. P.S. Cole, M.E. Harris, J.M. Carney, N.C. Hall, and D.A. Butterfield, "Methods of Evaluating Protein Oxidation Induced by Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury," in Primer on Cerebrovascular Diseases, (K. M. A. Welch, L. R. Caplans, D. J. Reis, B. K. Seisjo and B. Weir, Eds.), Academic Press, New York, 1997, pp. 205-206 (1997).

154. P.S. Cole, N.C. Hall, J.M Carney, O.J. Plante, and D.A. Butterfield, "Free Radical Oxidative Stress and Membrane Alterations in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury," Recent Res. Develop. in Neurochem. 1, 99-109 (1996).

153. M. Aksenov, M. Aksenova, J.M. Carney, and D.A. Butterfield, "Alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin Interaction with Aβ(1-42) Does Not Inhibit Fibril Formation But Altenuates the Peptide Toxicity," Neuroscience Letts. 217, 117-120 (1996).

152. D.A. Butterfield, K. Hensley, N. Hall, R. Subramaniam, B.J. Howard, P. Cole, S. Yatin, M. La Fontaine, M.E. Harris, M. Aksenova, M. Aksenov, and J.M. Carney, "β-Amyloid-Derived Free Radical Oxidation: A Fundamental Process in Alzheimer's Disease," in Molecular Models of Dementia , (W. Wasco and R. E. Tanzi, Eds.), Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey, 1996, pp. 145-167.

151. B.J. Howard, S. Yatin, K. Hensley, K.L. Allen, J.P. Kelly, J. Carney, and D.A. Butterfield, "Prevention of Hyperoxia-Induced Alterations in Synaptosomal Membrane-Associated Proteins by N-Tert-Butyl- " -Phenylnitrone (PBN) and 4-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-Oxyl (Tempol)," J. Neurochem. 67, 2045-2050 (1996).

150. W.J. Clerici, K. Hensley, D.L. DiMartino, and D.A. Butterfield, "Direct Detection of Ototoxicant-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in Cochlear Explants," Hearing Res. 98, 116-124 (1996).

149. A. Bhardwaj, J. Lee, K. Glauner, S. Ganapathi, D. Bhattacharyya, and D.A. Butterfield, "Biofunctional Membranes: An EPR Study of Active Site Structure and Stability of Papain Non-Covalently Immobilized on the Surface of Modified Poly (Ether) Sulfone Membranes Through the Avidin-Biotin Linkage," J. Membrane Sci. 119, 241-252 (1996).

148. D.A. Butterfield, "Alzheimer's Disease: A Disorder of Oxidative Stress," Alzheimer's Disease Rev. 1, 68-70 (1996).

147. M.E. Harris, Y. Wang, N.W. Pedigo, Jr., K. Hensley, D.A. Butterfield, and J.M. Carney, "Aβ(25-35) Inhibits Na +-Dependent Glutamate Uptake in Rat Hippocampal Astrocyte Cultures," J. Neurochemistry 67, 277-286 (1996).

146. J.M. Carney, N.C. Hall, M. Cheng, J. Wu, and D.A. Butterfield, "Protein and Lipid Oxidation Following Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury, the Role of Polyamines: An Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Analysis," Adv. Neurol. 71, 259-270 (1996).

145. R. Subramaniam, P. Cole, K. Hensley, S. Azhar, P. Bummer, J.M. Carney, and D.A. Butterfield, "Effects of Oxidative Stress on the Model Thiol Protease-Papain: An Investigation of Changes in Activity and Structure," Biochemical Arch. 12, 105-116 (1996).

144. M.V. Aksenova, M.Y. Aksenov, D.A. Butterfield, and J.M. Carney, "Alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin Interaction with Aβ(1-40) Inhibits Fibril Formation But Does Not Affect the Peptide Toxicity," Neuroscience Letts. 211, 45-48 (1996).

143. K. Hensley, D.A. Butterfield, N. Hall, P. Cole, R. Subramaniam, R. Mark, M.P. Mattson, W.R. Markesbery, M.E. Harris, M. Aksenov, M. Aksenova, J.F. Wu, and J.M. Carney, "Reactive Oxygen Species as Causal Agents in the Neurotoxicity of the Alzheimer's Disease-Associated Amyloid Beta Peptide," Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 786, 120-134 (1996).

142. M.Y. Aksenov, M.V. Aksenova, D.A. Butterfield, K. Hensley, C. Vigo-Pelfrey, and J.M. Carney, "Glutamine Synthetase-Induced Enhancement of β-Amyloid Peptide Aβ(1–40) Neurotoxicity Accompanied by Abrogation of Fibril Formation and Aβ Fragmentation," J. Neurochem. 66, 2050-2056 (1996).

141. R. Subramaniam and D.A. Butterfield, "Structure-Activity Correlation of Subtilisin Immobilized on Modified Poly (Ether) Sulfone Membrane by Covalent and Non-Covalent Linkages," in Biofunctional Membranes, (D. A. Butterfield, Ed.), Plenum Press, New York, 1996, pp. 201-208.

140. A. Bhardwaj, J. Lee, K. Glauner, D. Bhattacharyya, and D.A. Butterfield, "Non-Covalent Immobilization of Papain Onto Modified Polysulfone Membrane Using Avidin-Biotin Coupling: EPR and Kinetic Studies," in Biofunctional Membranes, (D. A. Butterfield, Ed.), Plenum Press, New York, 1996, pp. 193-200.

139. J. Lee, D. Bhattacharyya, and D.A. Butterfield, "A Comparative Study of the Structural and Kinetic Properties of Papain Immobilized on Modified Polysulfone and Modified Cellulose Acetate Membranes," in Biofunctional Membranes, (D. A. Butterfield, Ed.), Plenum Press, New York, 1996, pp. 131-140.

138. D. Bhattacharyya, S. Ganapathi, S. Vishwanath, M. Summers, and D.A. Butterfield, "Immobilized Enzyme Reactions On Beads and Membranes," in Biofunctional Membranes, (D. A. Butterfield, Ed.), Plenum Press, New York, 1996, pp. 117-129.

137. D.A. Butterfield, "Biofunctional Membranes," Plenum Press, New York, (1996).

136. A.A. Houdi, S. Kottayil, P.A. Crooks, and D.A. Butterfield, "3-O-Acetylmorphine-6-O-Sulfate: A Potent Centrally-Acting Morphine Derivative," Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 53, 665-671 (1996).

135. C.P. Brock, S. Kottayil, D.A. Butterfield, and P.A. Crooks, "A Dihydromorphine-6-O-sulfate," Acta Cryst., C52, 122-125 (1996).

134. E.A. Decker, W.K. M. Chan, S.A. Livisay, D.A. Butterfield, and C. Faustman, "Interactions Between Carnosine and the Different Redox States of Myoglobin," J. Food Sci. 60, 1201-1204 (1996).

133. D.A. Butterfield, L. Martin, J.M. Carney, and K. Hensley, "Aβ (25-35) Peptide Displays H 2O 2-Like Reactivity Towards Aqueous Fe 2+, Nitroxide Spin Probes, and Synaptosomal Membrane Proteins," Life Sciences 58, 217-228 (1996).

132. D.A. Butterfield, "Membrane Cytoskeletal Protein Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease," in Non-Neuronal Cells in Alzheimer's Disease, (P. Zatta and M. Nicolini, Eds.), World Scientific Publishing Co., London, 1995, pp. 78-94.

131. R. Subramaniam, B.J. Howard, K. Hensley, M. Aksenova, J.M. Carney, and D.A. Butterfield, "β-Amyloid (32-35) Generates Reactive Free Radicals That Are Toxic to Biomolecules: Implications to Alzheimer's Disease," Alzheimer's Research 1, 141-144 (1995).

130. C.H. Trad, W. James, A. Bhardwaj, and D.A. Butterfield, "Selective Labeling of Membrane Protein Sulfhydryl Groups with Methanethiosulfonate Spin Label," J. Biochem. Biophys. Meth. 30, 287-299 (1995).

129. S. Ganapathi, D.A. Butterfield, and D. Bhattacharyya, "Flat Sheet and Hollow Fiber Membrane Bioreactors: A Study of the Kinetics and Active Site Conformational Changes of Immobilized Papain Including Sorption Studies of Reaction Constituents," J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 64, 157-164 (1995).

128. N.C. Hall, J.M. Carney, M. Cheng, and D.A. Butterfield, "Prevention of Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Alterations in Synaptosomal Membrane-Associated Proteins and Lipids by N-tert-butyl-a-phenylnitrone and Difluoromethylornithine," Neuroscience 69, 591-600 (1995).

127. M.E. Harris, J.M. Carney, P. Cole, K. Hensley, B.J. Howard, L. Martin, P. Bummer, Y. Wang, N. Pedigo, and D.A. Butterfield, "β-Amyloid Peptide-Derived, Oxygen-Dependent Free Radicals Inhibit Glutamate Uptake in Cultured Astrocytes: Implications to Alzheimer's Disease," Neuro Report 6, 1875-1879 (1995).

126. K. Hensley, N. Hall, R. Subramaniam, P. Cole, M. Harris, M. Aksenov, M. Aksenova, S.P. Gabbita, J.F. Wu, J.M. Carney, M. Lovell, W.R. Markesbery, and D.A. Butterfield, "Brain Regional Correspondence Between Alzheimer's Disease Histopathology and Biomarkers of Protein Oxidation," J. Neurochem. 65, 2146-2156 (1995).

125. A. Alvarado, D.A. Butterfield, B.A. Watkins, B.H. Chung, and B. Hennig, " Electron Spin resonance studies of fatty acid-induced alterations in membrane fluidity in cultured endothelial cells," Int. J. Biochem. Molec. Biol. 27, 665-673 (1995).

124. M.Y. Aksenov, M.V. Aksenova, M.E. Harris, K. Hensley, D.A. Butterfield, and J.M. Carney, "Enhancement of β-Amyloid Peptide Aβ(1–40)-Mediated Neurotoxicity by Glutamine Synthe,"J. Neurochem. 65, 1899-1902 (1995).

123. N.C. Hall, R.J. Dempsey, J.M. Carney, D.L. Donaldson, and D.A. Butterfield, "Structural Alterations in Synaptosomal Membrane-Associated Proteins and Lipids by Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occulusion in the Cat," Neurochem. Res. 20, 1161-1169 (1995).

122. K. Hensley, D.A. Butterfield, M. Aksenova, M. Harris, J. Wu, R. Floyd, M. Mattson, and J.M. Carney, "A Model for β-Amyloid Aggregation and Neurotoxicity Based on the Free Radical Generating Capacity of the Peptide: Implications of Peptide-Derived Free Radicals to Alzheimer's Disease," Proc. Western Pharmacol. Soc. 38, 113-120 (1995).

121. R.J. Mark, K. Hensley, D.A. Butterfield, and M.P. Mattson, "Amyloid β-Peptide Impairs Ion-Motive ATPase Activities: Evidence for a Role in Loss of Neuronal Ca 2+ Homeostasis and Cell Death," J. Neurosci. 15, 6239-6249 (1995).

120. K. Hensley, B.J. Howard, J.M. Carney, and D.A. Butterfield, "Membrane Protein Alterations in Rodent Erythrocytes and Synaptosomes Due to Aging and Hyperoxia," Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1270, 203-206 (1995).

119. M.E. Harris, K. Hensley, D.A. Butterfield, R.A. Leedle, and J.M. Carney, "Direct Evidence of Oxidative Injury Produced by the Alzheimer's Amyloid Beta Peptide (1-40) in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons," Exp. Neurol. 131, 193-202 (1995).

118. K. Hensley, M. Aksenova, J.M. Carney, M. Harris, and D.A. Butterfield, "Amyloid β-Peptide Spin Trapping II: Evidence for Decomposition of the PBN Spin Adduct," Neuro Report 6, 493-496 (1995).

117. K. Hensley, M. Aksenova, J.M. Carney, M. Harris, and D.A. Butterfield, "Amyloid β-Peptide Spin Trapping I: Peptide Enzyme Toxicity Is Related to Free Radical Spin Trap Reactivity," Neuro Report 6, 489-492 (1995).

116. M.P. Mattson, J.M. Carney, and D.A. Butterfield, "Glycation: A Tombstone in AD?" Nature 373, 481 (1995).

115. N.C. Hall, J.M. Carney, M.S. Cheng, and D.A. Butterfield, "Ischemia/Reperfusion Induced Changes in Membrane Proteins and Lipids of Gerbil Cortical Synaptosomes,"Neuroscience 64, 81-89 (1995).

114. S.S. Bellary, K.W. Anderson, W.A. Arden, and D.A. Butterfield, "Effect of Lipopolysaccharide on the Physical Conformation of the Erythrocyte Cytoskeletal Proteins," Life Sciences 56, 91-98 (1995).

113. J.M. Carney, C.D. Smith, A.M. Carney, and D.A. Butterfield, "Aging- and Oxygen-Induced Modifications in Brain Biochemistry and Behavior," Annals N.Y. Acad. Sci. 738, 44-53 (1994).

112. D.A. Butterfield, P.J. Shrewsbury, and K. Hensley, "Interaction of HP749 with Erythrocyte and Neocortical Synaptosomal Membranes," Biochemical Archives 10, 285-292 (1994).

111. C.H. Trad and D.A. Butterfield, "Menadione Induced Cytotoxicity Effects on Human Erythrocyte Membranes Studied by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance," Toxicology Letts. 73, 145-155 (1994).

110. K.M. Chan, E.A. Decker, J.B. Lee, and D.A. Butterfield, "ESR Spin-Trapping Studies of the Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Activity of Carnosine and Related Dipeptides," J. Agric. Food Chem. 42, 1407-1410 (1994).

109. D.A. Butterfield, C.H. Trad, and N.C. Hall, "Effects of Dehydroabietic Acid on the Physical State of Cytoskeletal Proteins and the Lipid Bilayer of Erythrocyte Membranes," Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1192, 185-189 (1994).

108. K. Hensley, J. Carney, N. Hall, W. Shaw, and D.A. Butterfield, "Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Investigations of Free Radical Induced Alterations in Neocortical Synaptosomal Membrane Protein Infrastructure," Free Radical Biol. & Medicine 17, 321-331 (1994).

107. D.A. Butterfield, J. Lee, S. Ganapathi, and D. Bhattacharyya, "Biofunctional Membranes IV.  Active Site Structure and Stability of an Immobilized Enzyme, Papain, on Modified Polysulfone Membranes Studied by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Kinetics," J. Membrane Sci. 91, 47-64 (1994).

106. D.A. Butterfield and J. Lee, "Active Site Structure and Stability of the Thiol Protease, Papain, Studied by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Employing a Methanethiosulfonate Spin Label," Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 310, 167-171 (1994).

105. D.A. Butterfield, K. Hensley, M. Harris, M. Mattson, and J. Carney, "β-Amyloid Peptide Free Radical Fragments Initiate Synaptosomal Lipoperoxidation in a Sequence-Specific Fashion:  Implications to Alzheimer's Disease," Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 200, 710-715 (1994).

104. K. Hensley, J. Carney, M. Mattson, M. Aksenova, M. Harris, J.F. Wu, R. Floyd, and D.A. Butterfield, "A New Model for β-Amyloid Aggregation and Neurotoxicity Based on Free Radical Generating Capacity of the Peptide:  Insights into Alzheimer Disease," Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 3270-3274 (1994).

103. A. Alvarado, D.A. Butterfield, and B. Hennig, "Disruption of Endothelial Barrier Function:  Relationship to Fluidity of Membrane Extracellular Lamella," Int. J. Biochem. 26, 575-581 (1994).

102. D.A. Butterfield, J. Lee, and D. Bhattacharyya, "Biofunctional Membranes:  Spin Labeling Comparison of the Active Site Structure of Papain Immobilized on Modified Polysulfone and Modified Cellulose Acetate Membranes," Polymer Preprints 70, 339 (1994).

101. D.A. Butterfield, B. Sun, S. Bellary, W. Arden, and K.W. Anderson, "Effect of Endotoxin on Lipid Order and Motion in Erythrocyte Membranes," Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1225, 231-234 (1994).

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